Background The effects of vitamin D on sexual function are very unclear. Therefore, we aimed at evaluating the possible association between vitamin D and sexual function and at assessing the influence of vitamin D administration on sexual function. Methods We retrospectively studied 114 men by evaluating clinical, biochemical, and sexual parameters. A subsample (n = 41) was also studied longitudinally before and after vitamin D replacement therapy. Results In the whole sample, after performing logistic regression models, higher levels of 25(OH) vitamin D were significantly associated with high values of total testosterone and of all the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire parameters. On the other hand, higher levels of total testosterone were positively and significantly associated with high levels of erectile function and IIEF total score. After vitamin D replacement therapy, total and free testosterone increased and erectile function improved, whereas other sexual parameters did not change significantly. At logistic regression analysis, higher levels of vitamin D increase (Δ-) were significantly associated with high values of Δ-erectile function after adjustment for Δ-testosterone. Conclusions Vitamin D is important for the wellness of male sexual function, and vitamin D administration improves sexual function.

An unusual cause of spontaneous hypoglycemia is Insulin Autoimmune Syndro me (or Hirata Disease), characterized by high levels of insulinemia and circulat ing autoantibodies to insulin in subjects without prior insulin administration. In Western Countries less than 70 cases have been published so far. Here we report a case where IAS was the prodromical stage of new onset type 1 diabetes. HLA typing in IAS was rarely reported in Western cases, here we also discuss the peculiar HLA pattern of our patient.

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