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The challenge before reaching the production stage for 5G is to assess its performance in large-scale facilities. EU-funded 5G PPP project 5G EVE is addressing this challenge by building a distributed and interworking 5G endto-end facility in Europe across various sites. In this paper we explain the architecture of the 5G EVE end-to-end facility and present each site with their respective features, including the interworking among them, which provides a clear add-on to country-based trials. The 5G EVE site facilities are designed to offer automated network slice deployment tools and a new validation framework. This framework will offer tools for testing 5G radio and various core solutions. It will also allow experimenting and benchmarking different classes of end-toend network slices and services. These services are defined by a set of selected vertical use cases in sectors like energy, transport, smart cities, tourism, and manufacturing (Industry 4.0). 5G EVE's large-scale trials are being deployed in four European countries: Italy, France, Spain, and Greece.

The telecom industry is moving from a "horizontal" service delivery model, where services are defined independently from their consumers, towards a "vertical" delivery model, where the provided services are tailored to specific industry sectors and verticals. In order to enable this transition, an end-to-end comprehensive 5G architecture is needed, with capabilities to support the use cases of the different vertical industries. A key feature of this architecture is the implementation of network slicing over a single infrastructure to provision highly heterogeneous vertical services, as well as a network slicing management system capable of handling simultaneous slices. On top of the network slicing technology, functionality needs to be devised to deploy the slices required by the different vertical players and provide them with a suitable interface to manage their slice. In this paper, we design a 5G mobile network architecture to support vertical industries. The proposed architecture builds on ongoing standardization efforts at 3GPP and ETSI and incorporates additional modules to provide enhanced MANO and control functionality as well as artificial intelligence-based data analytics; on top of these modules, a service layer is provided to offer vertical players an easy-to-use interface to manage their services.

Hexa-X will pave the way to the next generation of wireless networks (Hexa) by explorative research (X). The Hexa-X vision is to connect human, physical, and digital worlds with a fabric of sixth generation (6G) key enablers. The vision is driven by the ambition to contribute to objectives of growth, global sustainability, trustworthiness, and digital inclusion. Key 6G value indicators and use cases are defined against the background of technology push, society and industry pull as well as objectives of technology sovereignty. Key areas of research have been formulated accordingly to include connecting intelligence, network of networks, sustainability, global service coverage, extreme experience, and trustworthiness. Critical technology enablers for 6G are developed in the project including, sub-THz transceiver technologies, accurate stand-alone positioning and radio-based imaging, improved radio performance, artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) inspired radio access network (RAN) technologies, future network architectures and special purpose solutions including future ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) schemes. Besides technology enablers, early trials will be carried out to help assess viability and performance aspects of the key technology enablers. The 6G Hexa-X project is integral part of European and global research effort to help define the best possible next generation of networks.