Pliegues, despliegues y repliegues. Didáctica proyectual e instrumentos de IdeaciónFoldings, unfoldings and refoldings. Pedagogy for the project and instruments of ideation RESUMEN -En la arquitectura internacional de las últimas décadas, diferentes referentes contemporáneos (Libeskind; Rem Koolhaas; Herzog & De Meuron; Toyo Ito; Un Studio; NOX; MadridejosSancho) han presentado gráfi camente obras y proyectos arquitectó-nicos a partir del desarrollo bidimensional (unfolding) de superfi cies tridimensionales plegadas (folding). La proyección bidimensional continua y dinámica de una situación espacial tridimensional se ha sostenido desde: simples alegorías espacio-temporales del Proyecto Arquitectónico hasta desarrollos con nuevos recursos instrumentales, generando soluciones estructurales, formales, espaciales y tecnoló-gicas innovadoras. Estas valiosas experiencias individuales, si bien han contribuido positivamente al debate contemporáneo, a nivel práctico, no han constituido estrategias generalizables y transferibles al ejercicio y a la enseñanza profesional. La Investigación utiliza el resultado de mas de 10 workshops (con metodologías de Unfolding y Folding) realizados en Chile, Argentina y Brasil para desarrollar una didáctica proyectual que permita indagar sobre las propiedades espaciales y materiales de las composiciones plegadas en Arquitectura. Se propone la revisión y actualización de los instrumentos proyectuales a través de la incorporación del Diseño Paramétrico (patrones generativos 2D); software de origami 3D y máquinas de Fabricación Digital (CNC y Cortadora Láser).Palabras-clave: composiciones plegadas, didáctica proyectual, diseño paramétrico, fabricación digital.ABSTRACT -In last decades of international architecture, different contemporary architects (Libeskind; Rem Koolhaas; Herzog and Of Meuron; Toyo Ito; UnStudio; NOX; Madridejos-Sancho) have graphically presented buildings and architectural projects on the basis of a two-dimensional unfolding of three-dimensional folded surfaces. The two-dimensional constant and dynamic projection of a spatial three-dimensional situation has been argued from simple spatial-temporal allegories of the Architectural Project up to new developments with non-conventional instrumental resources, generating innovative structural, formal, spatial and technological solutions. Although these valuable individual experiences have contributed positively to the contemporary discussion, at the practical level they have not represented generalized strategies that can be transferred to the professional practice and to architectural education.This article uses results of more than 10 workshops (with Unfolding and Folding methodologies) developed in Chile, Argentina and Brazil to build up a pedagogy for the project that makes it possible to investigate the spatial and material properties of folded compositions in Architecture. It proposes to review and update project instruments through the incorporation of Parametric Design (2D generative patterns); 3D origami software and ...
<p>En la Materialidad Digital, como estado actual del diseño arquitectónico, el enfoque de diseño orientado a la optimización de los recursos (materiales y energéticos) y la instrumentalización de la flexión activa introducen un nuevo nivel de integración en diseño arquitectónico. La necesaria especificación del comportamiento material revindica las históricas técnicas del form-finding como antecedente metodológico para la exploración material. La experimentación empírico-analítica, con modelos físicos para la concepción lógica de la forma compleja, se amplifica con la implementación del cálculo numérico computacional y sus posibilidades de simulación y evaluación digital. El objetivo de la presentación es: analizar casos de estudio que verifiquen las ventajas estructurales que pueden ser generadas mediante la flexión elástica activa en envolventes laminares; sobre la base de las estrategias formales e investigación en diseño integral; y construir una mirada crítica sobre el avance de los procesos computacionales en la materialidad arquitectónica. El supuesto subyacente es que, en los procesos integrales las decisiones en relación a la forma revisan simultáneamente atributos geométricos, estructurales y materiales. Dicho marco incluye procesos de modelado, análisis y fabricación. Se identifican los métodos que presentan potencial para repensar el diseño y avanzan en rigurosidad y precisión técnica a la vez que constituyen nuevos procedimientos y formas de abordaje para la materialidad arquitectónica.</p><p> </p>
Industrial robots controlled by parametric design software and visual programming environments are gaining popularity in the research and use of non--conventional construction processes in architecture. Process automation which can be personalized through variable components promises to become an industry standard with similar cost structures to current pre--fabrication industrial processes. In order to incorporate competencies from non--serial variable architectural modular design, an initial teaching initiative (Advanced Architectural Design Studio -USM) was developed in Latin América. The strategy employed is based on incorporating concepts and instruments of Construction & Design Automation for CAD/CAM processes with a Six Axis Robotic Arm (KUKA KR125/2).
Innovative technologies for digital design and manufacture have spread with globalization, providing improved working tools and processes for architecture. These technologies open up different professional opportunities, forging alternative relations with society, especially for new generations and emerging countries. This article reflects on novel collaborative experiences between Ibero-American Universities, accounting for the intensive use of digital technologies in architecture. To bridge technological gaps, the authors describe collaborative efforts to produce full-size constructions, using networking, which results in a hybridization of these “new media” adapted to local and cultural contexts. These initiatives arise from an attempt to overcome the lack of resources at local Universities and their rigid institutional processes, along with their concerns about promoting global connectivity for new generations, leading to informal and collective actions that break with traditional teaching, applying advanced techniques in unseen collective and creative processes. These experiences reveal an architectural work distributed among all the participants that collaborate in the conceptualization, programming, management, and execution of the design, with diverse hybrid practices, and a powerful collective synergy. This also results in new expanded proposals that unfold new relationships with the environment and the community. Thus, these actions tend, by themselves, to integrate and project new horizons in architectural collaboration. This article aims at mapping these spatial-temporal actions in Architecture from the global south (Santos 2014).
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