Context and objectives: West Africa has a very rich ethnozoological heritage due to its rich biodiversity, history and culture. Due to its location in a biodiversity hotspot, its agro-pastoralist traditions and its role during the maritime discoveries of the Renaissance, West Africa has a long list of animals and animal parts that have been used in its folk medicine. These uses can still be found in many historical documents and pharmacopeias. Bridelia ferruginea, Combretum glutinosum and Mitragyna inermis are tropical and subtropical medicinal plants widely used in general traditional African medicine and in West Africa in particularly, including Benin, Nigeria, Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast to treat many diseases such as bladder troubles, diabetes, dysentery, arterial hypertension, rheumatism pain. This study aims to do a literature review of these three tropical plants on their biological and pharmacological properties on veterinary medicine Methodology and Results: A thorough literature search was done and plants little studied Bridelia ferruginea, Mitragyna inermis and Combretum glutinosum were chosen in the search for their anthelmintic activity against gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes of small ruminants in Djallonké. Also to confirm their use in traditional veterinary medicine in West Africa. Conclusion and application of results: This literature review of their extracts properties showed that the plants possessed wide-reaching pharmacological actions, including anti-diabetic, cardiovascular disease antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and antiplasmodial and justifies their use in traditional medicine for treating various diseases. This manuscript intends to be a starting point to these future investigations.
BackgroundMaytenus senegalensis is a common shrub which is scattered in tropical Africa. Different parts of this plant have been reported to be useful in traditional medicine against gastrointestinal disorders and intestinal worms. This study evaluated the anthelmintic activity of the aqueous stem bark extract of M. senegalensis using egg hatch assay (EHA), larval migration inhibition assay (LMIA) and adult worms’ motility inhibition assay (AMIA).ResultsOn EHA, the extract concentrations tested resulted in a significant (p < 0.01) inhibition of egg hatching in concentration-dependent manner and ranged between 31.86% at 75 μg.mL− 1 to 54.92% at 2400 μg.mL− 1 after a 48 h post-exposure with eggs. For the LMI assays, the aqueous extract of M. senegalensis showed a significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of larval migration in a concentration-dependent manner. The highest concentration used (2400 μg.mL− 1) showed a 37.77% inhibition. The use of polyvinyl polypyrrolidone (PVPP) indicated that tannins and flavonoids were partly involved in the effect since the larval migration was inhibited by 15.5%, but other biochemical compounds were also implicated. On AMIA, M. senegalensis was associated with a reduced worm motility after a 24 h post exposure compared to phosphate buffered saline as control (p < 0.05). By this time 66.66% of the worms were found immotile or dead in the wells containing plant extract at 2400 μg.mL− 1. The Phytochemical analysis of aqueous extract of M. senegalensis by HPLC-ESI-MSn detected the presence of proanthocyanidins (20%) and flavonoids (> 50%).ConclusionsThese in vitro results suggest the presence of some anthelmintic properties in M. senegalensis extract, which is traditionally used by small farmers in west and central Africa. These effects may be due to the flavonoids and proanthocyanidins present in the extract and need to be studied under in vivo conditions.
; 01 BP 2115 Cotonou, Bénin, Tel. (+229) 96408110 /95050518 RESUME En élevage des petits ruminants, la gestion des parasitoses gastro-intestinales reste une préoccupation majeure à laquelle l'ethnopharmacopée est associée. La présente étude vise à comparer l'effet combiné des poudres, puis des extraits méthanoliques de deux plantes (Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloïdes et Newbouldia laevis) sur les parasites gastro-intestinaux des agneaux Djallonké. Ainsi, les effets anthelminthiques de la consommation de la poudre de feuilles des deux plantes ont été évalués pour des traitements sur un et trois jours consécutifs. Les poudres ont été administrées séparément à la dose de 3,8 g/kg de poids vif pour chaque plante, puis combinées à hauteur de 50% de cette dose pour chaque plante (Mixte 1) et à hauteur de 100% de la même dose (Mixte 2). Quant à l'extrait méthanolique, un traitement sur trois jours consécutifs a été testé à la dose de 0,6 g/kg de poids corporel. Le traitement de trois jours avec les poudres de feuille a induit une réduction significative (p ≤ 0,01) de l'excrétion fécale des oeufs avec une efficacité plus marquée pour Z. zanthoxyloïdes et les traitements mixtes. L'administration des extraits méthanoliques pendant trois jours a montré après sacrifice des animaux et dénombrement des nématodes une diminution significative (p ≤ 0,05) du nombre de vers adultes de T. colubriformis avec Z. SIDI et al. / Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 9(4): 2078-2090, 2015 2079 I.Y. MINAFLINOU SACCA Combined effects of the leaves of Newbouldia laevis and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloïdes on the gastrointestinal nematode parasites of Djallonke lambs ABSTRACTThe management of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in small ruminant production remains a major concern which associates ethnopharmacology. This study aimed at comparing the combination of powders and methanol extracts of two plants (Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides and Newbouldia laevis) on gastrointestinal parasites of Djallonke lambs. Thus, the anthelmintic effects of the consumption of the two plants leaves powder were evaluated for treatment on one and three consecutive days. The powders were separately administered at the dose of 3.8 g/kg body weight for each plant and then combined with 50% of this dose to each plant (Mixed 1) and up to 100% of the same dose (Mixed 2). For the methanol extract, a treatment on three consecutive days was tested at the dose of 0.6 g/kg body weight. The three-day treatment with the leaves powder induced a significant reduction (p ≤ 0.01) fecal excretion of eggs with a greater efficacy for Z. zanthoxyloides and mixed treatments. The administration of the methanol extracts for three days showed after the slaughtering of animals and enumeration of nematodes a significant reduction (p ≤ 0.05) of the number of adult worms of T. colubriformis with Z. zanthoxyloides, Mixed 1 and 2 and H. contortus with Z. zanthoxyloides, N. laevis and Mixed 2. In contrast, the egg excretion reductions induced by treatments with extracts alone or combined, are not significant (p> ...
L’essor de l’élevage des caprins au Bénin est limité par des contraintes liées à la santé et aux pratiques d’élevage. L’objectif de l’étude présentée était de connaître l’opinion des éleveurs sur les pathologies circulant dans les élevages traditionnels de caprins au Bénin. Pour cela, une enquête semi-structurée a été conduite en 2019 dans quatre pôles de développements agricoles du Bénin, fondée sur des groupes de discussion et des entretiens individuels menés auprès de 480 éleveurs de caprins. Des données sur les pratiques d’élevage, la gestion sanitaire des animaux et les maladies rencontrées ont été collectées. Les résultats ont montré que les caprins étaient principalement élevés pour l’épargne, et à un moindre degré pour la production de viande et des raisons socioculturelles. Tous les éleveurs enquêtés pratiquaient la divagation au moins une partie de l’année mais, en saison pluvieuse, certains mettaient les animaux au piquet ou les gardaient en semi-claustration. Les principales pathologies animales signalées par les éleveurs étaient la peste des petits ruminants (PPR), la gale, les parasitoses digestives, les maladies respiratoires, la fièvre aphteuse et la trypanosomose. Le contrôle des parasites était réalisé généralement en cas de nécessité et rarement de façon routinière. La vaccination contre la PPR était pratiquée par trois-quarts des éleveurs. L’élevage des caprins au Bénin est lié au système d’élevage traditionnel et de ce fait victime de nombreuses maladies qui limitent son développement. Il serait nécessaire d’approfondir les connaissances sur ces pathologies à travers des études de diagnostic étiologique afin de mieux orienter les objectifs de surveillance de ces pathologies.
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