Radical nephrectomy is associated with worse overall and cardiovascular survival compared to partial nephrectomy in patients with localized renal cell carcinoma 2 cm or less. These findings justify the widespread application of nephron sparing techniques to treat localized kidney cancer.

What ' s known on the subject? and What does the study add? For patients electing surgical treatment, the question of the effect of surgical delay on clinical outcomes in prostate cancer is controversial. In this study we examined the effect of delay from diagnosis to surgery on outcomes in men with localized prostate cancer and found no association between time to surgery and risk of biochemical recurrence, even for patients with longer delays and high-risk disease. Men with localized prostate cancer can be reassured that reasonable delays in treatment will not infl uence disease outcomes. OBJECTIVE• To examine the effect of time from last positive biopsy to surgery on clinical outcomes in men with localized prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP). PATIENTS AND METHODS• We conducted a retrospective review of 2739 men who underwent RP between 1990 and 2009 at our institution.• Clinical and pathological features were compared between men undergoing RP ≤ 60, 61 -90 and > 90 days from the time of prostate biopsy.• A Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyse the association between clinical features and surgical delay with biochemical progression. Biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free rates were assessed using the Kaplan -Meier method. RESULTS• Of the 1568 men meeting the inclusion criteria, 1098 (70%), 303 (19.3%) and 167 (10.7%) had a delay of ≤ 60, 61 -90 and > 90 days, respectively, between biopsy and RP. A delay of > 60 days was not associated with adverse pathological fi ndings at surgery.• The 5-year survival rate was similar among the three groups (78 -85%, P = 0.11).• In a multivariate Cox model, men with higher PSA levels, clinical stages, Gleason sums, and those of African-American race were all at higher risk for developing BCR.• A delay to surgery of > 60 days was not associated with worse biochemical outcomes in a univariate and multivariate model. CONCLUSIONS• A delay of > 60 days is not associated with adverse pathological outcomes in men with localized prostate cancer, nor does it correlate with worse BCR-free survival.• Patients can be assured that delaying treatment while considering therapeutic options will not adversely affect their outcomes. KEYWORDStime factors , prostatic neoplasm/surgery , prostatic neoplasm/pathology , disease progression Study Type -Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4

No abstract

No abstract

Overall, the Phoenix definition best predicted local cancer recurrence following prostate cryoablation. These preliminary data may be useful for researchers evaluating the short-term efficacy of cryoablation, and for urologists assessing their patients for potential cancer recurrence.