The extrusion process of oil-containing raw materials using a twin-screw extruder is becoming increasingly common in food technology. The problem of high energy costs for the implementation of this process is solved by reducing the resistance of the process mass due to the preliminary grinding of raw materials. The classical theory of extrusion is based mainly on the use of theoretical solutions of mathematical models of processes, which are simplified and allow determining integral parameters using coefficients, the preparation of which for the calculation of the corresponding processes and equipment is a rather complicated and approximate procedure. Mathematical modelling of the movement of the technological medium at the individual stages of the processing of raw materials allows us to determine the analytical dependences for the power and energy parameters of the system and to carry out their effective technical and economic evaluation. Using the methods of mathematical analysis and data processing in the MathCAD software environment, graphical dependences of the power and energy parameters of the research technical system were obtained. By increasing the density of the oil-containing raw materials, which is extruded in the research extruder by 40.5% the pressure force increases by 41%, that is, there is an almost proportional relationship between the pressure force and the density of the processed raw material. With an increase in the angular velocity of the drive shaft ω more than 8 rad.s-1, the pressure force in the research process increases sharply. With an increase in the density of raw materials, it is grinded before extrusion by 40%, the power consumption for the grinding process increases by 2.8 times for the recommended operating mode. Energy losses for pressing completely grinded raw materials are reduced by 2.52 times.

In modern economic conditions, the chosen technology of raw material processing and the choice of the necessary equipment for both the line as a whole and the oil press are of great importance in oil production. In small-capacity workshops, screw presses of various designs are used. The twin-screw extruder occupied a certain niche among the press equipment with a productivity of 150–500 kg/h. Their use can significantly simplify the technology of oilseed processing. They combine operations of heat treatment, grinding, and pressing of vegetable oil. It is important to study the influence of geometric parameters of the oil pressure path and screw nozzle on the oil yield. In twin-screw extruders, it is rational to choose the pitch of the worm, the width of the channel between the turns, the width of the crest of the turn and the length of the nozzle with variable geometrical parameters. The analysis and selection of geometrical parameters of working bodies of a twin-screw extruder on the basis of theoretical calculations are carried out. Two sets of experimental working bodies with the changed geometrical parameters are made. Their theoretical degree of compression is determined, which is 5.50, 4.69, and 4.33, respectively. It is experimentally confirmed that the oil yield depends on the degree of compression due to the geometric parameters of the screw. The effect of a sharp drop in the free volume of the screw on the energy performance and press extruder performance has been revealed. The general nature of the change in the free volume in the areas of nozzle groups is accompanied by an uneven decrease of 40–80% towards the release of oil cake. The nature of the change in the free volume of turns along the length of the screw shaft characterizes the correctness of its design. The selection of rational geometric parameters of the working bodies should be considered in combination with other design parameters, which will intensify the process of oil pressing.

Introduction. Maximum use of potential biological potential of seed material is among the ways to increase the production and to improve the quality of agricultural products. In view of the above, various methods of preseeding treatment of seeds of agricultural crops by means of electromagnetic fields are used. At the same time there is insufficient clarity of reproducibility of the results of radiation. Problem Statement. However, the conventional methods for determining germination capacity require a wide range of equipment and materials and are time-consuming. Therefore, the search for new methods of pre-seeding treatment and the development of rapid calorimetric methods are promising directions of research. Purpose. To study the effect of irradiation on seed material, by calorimetric methods. Materials and Methods. To determine the caloric value of seed material, two batches of Scarlet barley seeds are taken, one of which is irradiated with an electric field. The caloric value of the grain has been determined using the calorimetric device B-08M, according to DSTU ISO 1928:2006. Results. The results of quantitative indicators of temperature change of the irradiated and reference batch of barley grain have been presented in a graphical form to visualize the effect of irradiation. The analysis of results has shown that the non-irradiated seeds have a germination capacity of 82%, while for the irradiated seeds this index is equal to 88%. Respectively, their caloric value is 10 842 kJ/kg and 11 985 kJ/kg, i.e. differs by 10.5%. An experimental dependence has been established that to increase germination by 1% it is necessary to increase the caloric value of seed mass by approximately 1.83%. Conclusions. A 10-11% increase in the caloric value of the seeds after irradiation indicates that the irradiation process is realized. The use of calorimetry methods can be recommended as a seed material irradiation quality control method.

The processes of mixing, whipping, and foaming are essentially uniform and consist in dispersing the gas in a liquid. When mixing and whipping, the mixture of components is swollen due to the mechanical action; increased in volume water-insoluble protein substances (gluten proteins) form a three-dimensional spongy mesh continuous structure. It is called a gluten frame. It determines the elastic and resilient properties of the medium. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to establish the relationship between the gas holding capacity of the medium and the energy expended on the hydration of the components. The study solves the task of determining the gas holding capacity of the medium with variable parameters of the height of the liquid phase from the mixing intensity, the duration of transient processes for the formation of the full volume of the gas-liquid medium, the duration of the transient process for the dispersed gas phase yield. The difference between the levels before the gas phase formation and during the mixing (aeration) mode determines the value of the gas holding capacity. In this context, we concluded that it is expedient to completely destabilize the established modes by changing the operating modes in the working body in the flow system. An additional effect on the system is the change of hydrodynamic regimes due to the unstable dynamics of the dispersed gas phase formation. The generation of the dispersed gas phase means the presence of energy expenditure on the interphase layer formation, which should be considered in the total energy balance. At the same time, another feature should be mentioned. Part of the gas phase, which existed and continues to exist in the new mode after mixing, enters the mode of a transient process. Therefore, the most effective mixing occurs while adhering to the shifted mode for dosing components in a suspended state and the mechanical impact of the working body. Based on the given objectives and conditions of sponge dough mixing, we determined the requirements for the mixer design and found that the supply of components should last at least 45 seconds. During this period, hydration occurs and energy consumption is declining.

The main effects of the developed design for vibratory separator: the increased driving force in the process of bulk material separation in this work, achieved by providing the working cylindrical-conical container with vibrational motion; improving the conditions for the passage of product particles through openings, achieved by providing the sieve surface with volume oscillations; reduction of energy consumption and improvement of operating conditions for support nodes during the operation of the designed vibrating screen, achieved due to the installation of additional elastic elements between the separator body and bearing assemblies of the vertical drive shaft in vibration exciter. Providing the working bodies of the designed vibrating screen with volume oscillating motion allows increasing the performance and quality of the separation process of solid bulk materials. To determine the rational parameters for vibration screening process, the equations of motion of working bodies as a conical sieve surface were obtained using the method of the Lagrange equations of the second order. When applying solutions of the Cauchy problem for linear nonhomogeneous differential equations, the solution of the latter was obtained. The obtained dependences of oscillation amplitudes, vibration velocity and vibration acceleration, and the intensity of oscillating motion allowed us to perform a mathematical analysis for power and energy parameters of vibration drive in the developed separator. The inclined placement of the conical sieve surface allows for spatial gyration or circular translational motion, which makes it possible to realize the advantages of volumetric separation of bulk materials. The results of the conducted analytical study made it possible to substantiate the optimal inclination angle for working sieve surface. Based on our analysis, the design parameters of vibration exciter were substantiated and clarified, and the design of this technical system was demonstrated.