The tram service in Magnitogorsk is one of the main means of transportation. This study substantiates the cause-and-effect relationships of the tram service development and the industrial progress in Magnitogorsk. Due to the retrospective analysis of the transport infrastructure development singled out the tram service as a social factor in the cultural formation of an industrial society. By means of an abstract-logical method, based on factual historical evidence, the authors established that the authorities actively used trams to form the culture of citizens, to influence the nature of their social behavior. The periodization of the evolutionary change in people's behavior under the influence of the authorities when using trams to develop a positive attitude towards the industrialization of society is determined. The obtained results can be useful for the municipal authorities of Magnitogorsk to reassess the importance of tram service for modern society in the context of the displacement of this type of transport by the dynamic development of transport infrastructure.

At the beginning of the 20th century the problem of the resettlement movement in Russia was considered both in the context of agrarian issue study, and in the study of the Asian part of the country history in Germanic Russian studies of the second half of the last century. At that, a special attention was paid to the Far East since the 1980-ies. In addition to the historians of the former FRG, and the united Germany of 1990-ies, the interest to the problem was also shown by the experts of Russian history in Austria and the German part of Switzerland. At that, the scholars' attention was aimed at the resettlement movement during Stolypin's agrarian reform implementation period. Initially, not without the influence of the Soviet historiography assessments concerning the issue, the skeptical assessments of governmental agrarian policy effectiveness prevailed in German-speaking Russian studies. However, since the second half of the 1980-ies, there has been a partial revision of previous postulates in German and Austrian Russian studies; A. Morich and German historians who specialized in the Far Eastern problems (D. Landgraf, L. Deeg) noted not only the difficulties, but also the achievements of tsarism resettlement policy: the improvement of the demographic situation in a region, the progress in the development of capitalist relations, and a certain intensification of agriculture.

The study of everyday life history, including its production aspects, is one of the leading trends in modern historical science. At the same time, Russian historians in this respect are behind their foreign colleagues because of the negative influence of the Soviet methodology, which focused specialists on the study of macroprocesses. This is especially characteristic of the pre-revolutionary period. This circumstance determines the choice of the research topic. The article focuses on such subjects of production daily routine at the mining enterprises of the Urals as the state of labor qualification, the level of labor motivation, industrial discipline, horizontal and vertical relationships in labor collectives. Their analysis made it possible to come to the conclusion that the mining Ural region at the beginning of the 20th century had mainly patriarchal production relations, which were expressed in the low level of labor discipline, motivation, production qualification of workers, authoritarian-paternalistic style in the intra-group interaction of production subjects.

The Germanic studies of Russia of the last century showed the interest twice to the problem of economic preconditions for revolutionary events in our country. The first time this interest took place at the beginning of the 20th century, directly in connection with these events. At that, the material quoted by M. Weber and O. Hetch actually doubted the thesis about the probability of a successful bourgeois revolution performance in the Russian Empire, although M. Weber also allowed optimistic sentiments. Such kind of duality is also noticeable among German-speaking scholars studying Russia who addressed the topic in the second half of the 20th century, when there was some interest in it among FRG historians (but not among GDR ones). Most of them, assessed the prospects for imperial modernization in the country skeptically, they did not overestimate the opportunities for a successful implementation of the bourgeois revolution "from below." At that, the specific material that they provided at the end of the 20th century testified to the incompatibility of worker and peasant mentality with bourgeois ideological attitudes. But, given a certain contradictoriness of its position on the issue of "democratic alternatives" to Bolshevism, the German scholars studying Russia during the second half of the 20th century mostly recognized the regularity and naturalness of the Bolsheviks' coming to power.

In the beginning of the twentieth century there was a global competition between countries in reaching the North Pole by various means. One of such expeditions was the attempt to reach the North Pole in an airship «Dirigibile Italia» under the command of Umberto Nobile that ended on a disaster. The paper studies the matters of medical supplies of its rescue mission.