Within the scope of the article the key properties and functions of political discourse are presented, the directions and tendencies in the field of this type of discourse with a specific metaphorical metalanguage are reflected. The paper demonstrates the results of a thematic analysis of the political discourse in the light of the prevailing stereotypes and stable blocks. Recognition and overcoming of linguistic technologies of manipulativity and conflicts are necessary in linguistic didactics as part of discourse analysis, practical course of a foreign language and in a number of other disciplines. The obtained results of linguistic and cognitive analysis show that the description of the properties and tasks of political discourse will avoid the manipulation of public opinion of the world community.

The presented article is devoted to the development of communicative competence of students of higher educational institutions in the process of their professional training. Based on the works of such researchers as B.G. Ananiev, A.A. Bodalev, V.A. Kan-Kalik, E.D. Bozhovich, L.A. Petrovskaya, I.A. Zimnyaya, etc., the authors defined more exactly the content of the concept “communicative competence of students of a higher educational institution”, systematized its criteria and indicators (Bakholskaya, 2017; Bakholskaya, 2019; Bakholskaya, 2018; Bakholskaya, 2019; Zimnyaya, 2003). The article also presents the authors complex of pedagogical conditions, which ensure the development of communicative competence of university students in the process of their professional training. The complex includes the following components: involvement of students in an intensive educational communicative environment; creation of communicative situations on the basis of educational (professional) problems, ensuring the formation of students’ communicative competence; organization of various types of group interaction between the teacher and students, based on the application of interactive methods, techniques and technologies. The article also presents the results of experimental work, which has confirmed the effectiveness of the developed complex of pedagogical conditions, ensuring the development of students' communicative competence in the process of their professional training.    

The study of everyday life history, including its production aspects, is one of the leading trends in modern historical science. At the same time, Russian historians in this respect are behind their foreign colleagues because of the negative influence of the Soviet methodology, which focused specialists on the study of macroprocesses. This is especially characteristic of the pre-revolutionary period. This circumstance determines the choice of the research topic. The article focuses on such subjects of production daily routine at the mining enterprises of the Urals as the state of labor qualification, the level of labor motivation, industrial discipline, horizontal and vertical relationships in labor collectives. Their analysis made it possible to come to the conclusion that the mining Ural region at the beginning of the 20th century had mainly patriarchal production relations, which were expressed in the low level of labor discipline, motivation, production qualification of workers, authoritarian-paternalistic style in the intra-group interaction of production subjects.

The modern Russian reforms aimed at moving the society to a new stage of development are going through a complicated, contradictory way, with great social costs and zigzags of the political course of power. This poses the task of identifying and overcoming the inhibiting factors in the development of the country. One of the most effective mechanisms of such work is the study of the three-hundred-year experience of Russian reformation and the identification of timeless sociocultural and mental risk factors affecting the nature and content of reforms. This article is devoted to this purpose.In the course of study, we have drawn the conclusions about the deterrent effect on the development of the country of such features of Russian society as its socio-cultural split, absence of internal mechanisms for the self-development of society, lack of a dialogue between government and society, whose relationships are determined by the principle of "antisocial state -anti-state society", mental characteristics of the Russian intelligentsia, which dogmatically implements particular ideas at the expense of economic expediency and common sense, orientation of the ruling elite on the Western values as opposed to national traditions, conservatism and lack of conscious reformative motivation of the masses. This leads to the need to correlate the current reforms not only with the current trends of socioeconomic development, but also with the sociocultural foundations of Russian society and the peculiarities of its mentality.