We are especially grateful to Walter Short who first envisioned and developed the WinDS and ReEDS models. We also thank the NREL analysts who provided input on the technology costs, assumptions, and methodologies in ReEDS, including

AcknowledgmentsWe gratefully acknowledge the many people whose efforts contributed to this report. The ReEDS modeling and analysis team at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) was active in developing and testing the ReEDS model v.2018. We also acknowledge the vast number of current and past NREL employees on and beyond the ReEDS team who have participated in data and model development, testing, and analysis. We are especially grateful to Walter Short who first envisioned and developed the Wind Deployment System (WinDS) and ReEDS models. We thank for their comments and improvements on successive versions of this report. Finally, we are grateful to all those who helped sponsor ReEDS model development and analysis, particularly supporters from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) but also others who have funded our work over the years.

This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory at www.nrel.gov/publications. 100% Clean Electricity by 2035 ScenariosWe evaluated four main 100% clean electricity scenarios, which were each compared to two reference scenarios: one with "current policy" electricity demand (Reference-AEO) 2 and a second with much higher load growth through accelerated demand electrification (Reference-ADE). The Reference-ADE case includes rapid replacement of fossil fuel use with low-carbon alternatives across all sectors, including electrified end uses and low-carbon fuels and feedstocks, Annual Energy Outlook (AEO) and the U.S. Long-Term Strategy (LTS) demand cases Supply-side sensitivities include renewable energy costs, storage costs, nuclear costs, electrolyzer costs, CCS cost and performance, transmission constraints, new natural gas restriction, natural gas fuel costs, expanded biomass supply, low-cost geothermal, and allowing DAC in the Infrastructure Renaissance and Constrained cases. xvThis report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory at www.nrel.gov/publications. This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory at www.nrel.gov/publications.14 Given the reduction in motor gasoline and diesel fuels in the transportation sector under the ADE and LTS scenarios, this demand would likely decline over time. Hydrogen production to serve these needs is also expected to transition to lower-emissions pathways given the overall economywide decarbonization trajectory modeled under the scenarios. These dynamics are not modeled explicitly in our analysis.

This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) reports produced after 1991 and a growing number of pre-1991 documents are available free via www.OSTI.gov.

No abstract