We examine the coupling of the dynamics of flexible viral nanoparticles to the dynamics of comparably sized polymer chains. Using fluorescence microscopy, we quantify the dynamics of three filamentous viruses, potato virus M (PVM), M13, and pf1, that are suspended in semidilute solutions of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide. The dynamics of the viral nanoparticles are approximately diffusive on accessible time and length scales, but the distributions of displacements are non-Gaussian and exhibit increasingly extended tails as the aspect ratio of the viruses or the polymer concentration is increased. The long-time diffusion coefficients do not collapse onto a universal curve based on existing models for rodlike or spherical nanoparticles that are comparably sized to the polymer chains. Instead, the diffusivities appear to collapse as a function of the ratio of the polymer correlation length and a length scale intermediate between the virus radius and length, indicating that the hydrodynamic coupling to the polymer dynamics is affected by the virus anisotropy and flexibility.

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for sensitive, affordable, and widely accessible testing at the point of care. Here we demonstrate a new, universal LFA platform technology using...

With the growth in the use of information systems in schools and school systems, there has been a significant increase in the volume and variety of data that are captured, stored, and harnessed to improve student learning and school effectiveness. Most school systems are in a nascent stage in implementing analytic initiatives to create more value for students, parents, and the broader community. Guiding frameworks to assist schools and school systems are still in the early stages of development. This chapter proposes and builds a case for a new analytics framework for school education systems. This chapter proposes a six-lens educational analytics framework based on a successful implementation in a large school system in Australia. Examples from empirical analysis are provided to demonstrate its relevance and value to a range of internal and external stakeholders and as a practical guide for school leaders and teachers embarking on major analytics initiatives.

The structure and dynamics of polyelectrolytes differ from those of neutral polymers. How these differences affect the transport of anisotropic particles remains incompletely understood. Here, we investigate the transport of semiflexible M13 bacteriophage (phage) in aqueous semidilute solutions of sodium polystyrenesulfonate (PSS) with various ionic strengths using fluorescence microscopy. We tune the characteristic length scales of the PSS using two molecular weights of 68 and 2200 kDa and by varying the ionic strength of the solutions from 10 −6 to 10 −1 M. Phage exhibit diffusive dynamics across all polymer concentrations. For 2200 kDa PSS solutions, the phage dynamics monotonically deviate from the bulk prediction as polymer concentration increases and exhibit non-Gaussian distributions of displacements. Existing scaling theories can approximately collapse dynamics as a function of phage hydrodynamic radius to polymer size ratio R h /ξ onto a master curve across polymer concentrations and ionic strengths. This partial collapse, however, does not follow the prediction for diffusion of isotropic particles in flexible Gaussian chains, suggesting the presence of multiple diffusive modes due to the anisotropic structure of the phage and the confining length scales set by the structure and dynamics of charged polymers.

We introduce analyte-dependent exclusion of reporter reagents from restricted-access adsorbents as the basis of an isocratic reporter-exclusion immunoassay for viruses, proteins, and other analytes. CaptoTM Core 700 and related resins...