No abstract

Point of view: One of the basic concepts that underlies law as a phenomenon, as well as private law as one of the two areas of law, is the concept of natural law. This concept presupposes that rights and freedoms are an inalienable good of every person, regardless of the will of any external institutions. The ideas of natural law have been expressed in the concept of private law (the fundamental principles of private law are such principles as justice, good faith, reasonableness, dispositiveness, legal certainty, inadmissibility of interference in private affairs, inviolability of property rights, and freedom of contract). Object: The subject of the study is the problems of reforming of private law in modern conditions. The object of research is the social relations that arise in the plane of «person-person» and «state-person» in modern transformation processes. Methodology: The research methodology is formed by methods of analysis, synthesis, and modeling. Additionally, logical-legal, comparative-legal forecasting methods are used. The authors of the article tried to draw a parallel between the concepts of natural law, Roman law and private law. Results and discussion: An analysis of these concepts revealed that each of them is an integral part of the concept of modern Western civilization. At the same time, in modern conditions of pandemic, deglobalization, regionalization, collapse of human rights and the very concept of Western civilization, which is based on the ideas of humanism, liberalism, absolute human rights, inviolability of property rights and respect for privacy, are under threat.

The problem of ensuring the quality of educational services is extremely important. It is known that the level of education and education as such are of great importance for most areas of life as an individual, and each country and the world as a whole. The authors of the article tried to analyze the current state of education, namely - distance education, in terms of transformational processes. In their study, the authors tried to take into account the total digitalization of education and objective reality in general, the introduction of innovative technologies, and took into account the factor of the pandemic, which in one way or another affected all processes of public life. The result of this study was a reflection on the main trends in the development of distance education and education in general, as well as general recommendations for improving the education system at both local and global levels. This study was conducted on the basis of a number of methods that allowed to make adequate generalizations about the state of distance education: the methods of system analysis, comparative analysis, sociological method, the method of observation, methods of analysis and synthesis, the method of abstraction and the method of generalization of objective phenomena.

The principles of adjusting the regulation of civil relations in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic are analyzed. The admissibility of restricting human rights in the context of the conflict of private and public interests are researched. Besides, the authors tried to determine the optimal algorithm of government actions aimed at preventing the spread of the epidemic. The main approach to the understanding of human rights in the article is based on Dworkin's concept of “rights as trumps”. A system of such categories as “a man”, “a private person”, “natural private rights”, “private law” and “national civil law” is analyzed. The conclusion is that the importance of the category of “natural” human rights is underestimated, which exacerbates the problem of ensuring human rights in a pandemic, when the state actively uses public law to cope with the crisis. As a result, there is a conflict of basic principles of private and public law: “everything is allowed except what is prohibited by law” vs. “only what is allowed by law is possible”. It is proposed to assume that the usual way of the legal existence of a person is that he/she acts as a participant in civil relations of a private type, even in a pandemic. Private relations, which arise during the quarantine period, are proposed to be regulated mainly by private law methods, limiting the influence of the state. This will allow us to reach a compromise of private and public interests, without restricting the rights of individuals voluntarily.

The article analyzes the current state of the sports organization system in Ukraine. The authors of the article argue that the sports system in Ukraine needs to be reformed in light of current trends in world sports. First and foremost, the need for regulatory and institutional development of the professional sport, which can have a positive impact on the development of the entire sports system of Ukraine. Currently, the dominant position in Ukrainian sport is occupied by the state and non-governmental organizations. This approach was justified under the conditions of a planned economy during the Soviet Union, but it is now outdated and hinders the development of Ukrainian sport.Instead, modern sport in developed countries is primarily driven by private initiative and the creation of appropriate conditions for a variety of private law entities to promote entrepreneurial activity in sport.The purpose of the article is to identify the key institutional and legal factors of the domestic sports system that negatively affect its development.Adequate regulatory support for commercial sports will give additional funds in domestic sports, which inevitably plays a role in improving sports achievements and restoring Ukraine's position in the world sports arena. The key direction of the development of domestic sports the author sees the further commercialization and professionalization of domestic sports.The authors of the article state that the Ukrainian legislature should as soon as possible turn its attention to the normative provision of sports, in particular - to adopt a number of amendments to the current law "On physical culture and sports" or to adopt a new law on sports and/or the law "On professional sports". El artículo analiza el estado actual del sistema de organización deportiva en Ucrania. Los autores del artículo sostienen que el sistema deportivo en Ucrania necesita ser reformado a la luz de las tendencias actuales en los deportes mundiales. Ante todo, la necesidad de un desarrollo regulatorio e institucional del deporte profesional, que puede tener un impacto positivo en el desarrollo de todo el sistema deportivo de Ucrania. Actualmente, la posición dominante en el deporte ucraniano está ocupada por el estado y las organizaciones no gubernamentales. Este enfoque se justificó bajo las condiciones de una economía planificada durante la Unión Soviética, pero ahora está desactualizado y dificulta el desarrollo del deporte ucraniano.En cambio, el deporte moderno en los países desarrollados está impulsado principalmente por la iniciativa privada y la creación de condiciones apropiadas para una variedad de entidades de derecho privado para promover la actividad empresarial en el deporte.El propósito del artículo es identificar los factores institucionales y legales clave del sistema deportivo nacional que afectan negativamente su desarrollo.El apoyo regulatorio adecuado para los deportes comerciales dará fondos adicionales en los deportes nacionales, que inevitablemente juegan un papel en la mejora de los logros deportivos y en la restauración de la posición de Ucrania en el ámbito deportivo mundial. La dirección clave del desarrollo de los deportes domésticos es que el autor ve una mayor comercialización y profesionalización de los deportes domésticos.Los autores del artículo afirman que la legislatura ucraniana debería centrar su atención lo antes posible en la provisión normativa de deportes, en particular, para adoptar una serie de enmiendas a la ley actual "sobre cultura física y deportes" o adoptar una nueva ley de deportes y / o la ley "de deportes profesionales".