The use of X-rays cannot be separated from the radiation given to the patient's body, therefore the radiation exposure received by patients should be very low according to the ALARA principle (As Low As Reasonably Achieveable). The research method is a quantitative description by using themeasurement method radiation output as a reference for the estimated radiation dose received by the patient, then the analysis of the success of socialization to radiographers about DRL as an optimization effort in radiographic examination. The results of the radiation dose estimation using themethod radiation output by determining theequation power function of themeasurement radiation output where the value of the radiation dose rate increases as the kVp value increases with y= 0.0005x2.9242. From theresults, it was pre-test found that the number of correct answers was 120 and 84 wrong, with a percentage of 59% and the number of respondents 10.03 people. Meanwhile, for theresults, the post-test number of correct answers was 194 and 12 wrong, with a percentage of 94% and the number of respondents being 15.98 people. It is hoped that radiographers can apply the principle of optimization in carrying out all radiographic examinations.

Abstract. Pterygium is an overgrowth of fibrovascular tissue of the nasal conjunctiva. The p revalence in the world is 10.2%. The aim of the study was to describe the characteristics of pterygium in patients at Al Ihsan Hospital in 2016-2021. This research was a descriptive observational study using medical records. The research subjects were selected by purposive sampling supporting 959 people. The results of 40-year-old pterygium sufferers 40-50 years, namely 243(25.3%), women, namely 713(74.4%), housewives, namely 593(61.8%), in rural areas, namely 937(97.7%), not attending school, namely 364 ( 37.9%), had no family history, namely 861(89.8%), did not smoke, namely 627(65.4%), comorbid hypertension, namely 574(40.2%), pterygium stage 2, namely 446(46,6%), clinical symptoms of red eye was 506(52.8%),medical management was 620(64.7%), had no recurrence was 869(90.6%), in the right eye was 358(37.3%),the religion of Islam is 956 (99.7%). It was concluded that pterygium occurs mostly in women aged 40-50 years, housewives, in rural areas who do not attend school, are Muslim, have no family history, do not smoke, with comorbid hypertension, suffer from stage 2 pterygium, in the right eye with clinical symptoms of red eyes, recurrence and medical management.  Abstrak. Pterygium merupakan pertumbuhan berlebih jaringan fibrovascular nasal konjungtiva. Prevalensi di dunia 10,2%. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui gambaran karakteristik pterygium pada pasien di RSUD Al Ihsan tahun 2016-2021.Penelitian ini deskriptif observasional  menggunakan rekam medis.Subjek penelitian dipilih dengan purposive sampling berjumlah 959 orang. Hasil didapatkan mayoritas penderita pterygium berusia 40-50 tahun yaitu 243(25,3%), perempuan yaitu 713(74,4%), ibu rumah tangga yaitu 593(61,8%), di perdesaan yaitu 937(97,7%), tidak sekolah yaitu 364(37,9%), tidak memiliki riwayat keluarga yaitu 861(89,8%), tidak merokok yaitu 627(65,4%), komorbid hipertensi yaitu 574(40,2%), pterygium stage 2 yaitu 446(46,6%), gejala klinis mata merah yaitu 506(52,8%), penatalaksanaan medis yaitu 620(64,7%),tidak memiliki rekurensi yaitu 869(90,6%), pada mata kanan yaitu 358(37,3%), beragama Islam yaitu 956(99,7%). Disimpulkan pterygium banyak terjadi  pada perempuan 40-50 tahun, ibu rumah tangga,  di perdesaan yang tidak bersekolah, beragama Islam , tidak memiliki riwayat keluarga, tidak merokok, dengan komorbid hipertensi, menderita pterygium stage 2, di mata kanan dengan gejala klinis mata merah, rekurensi dan penatalaksanaan manajemen medis.

Introduction: Invasive vulvar cancer is very small. Usually occurs in women, but at the same time. An average of 90% - 92% of vulvar cancer patients are squamous cell carcinomas. Treatment of vulvar cancer is surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy or even combination according to the stages and references of each patient. In Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Radiotherapy was selected to be one of the treatment options for stage III-IV vulvar cancer because it can provide maximum value on target and minimum on healthy tissue by using IMRT technique and frog leg position with special sterofoam feed fixation tool. Objective: Describe the procedure for managing external radiation therapy in cases of vulvar cancer with IMRT technique and a special fungicide feeding device at the Radiotherapy Department Dr. Rsupn. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Method: The type of descriptive skin research by observing directly and recording the required data and approach with case study, discussion and question and answer with radiotherapist, radiation oncologist and patient at the Department of Radiotherapy RSUPN. Cipto Mangunkusumo in march 2018. The sample used is 1 primary data sample of patients with vulvar carcinoma squamosa cell IVA. Results: Patients with IV carcinoma of squamous cell carcinoma A treatment plan with qualitative RT objective, using 10 MV energy, radiation plan 25 x @ 2 Gy. With IMRT technique and special fixture fixture tool from sterofoam to position the patient to form the frog spring. Conclusion: The use of IMRT techniques and semi frog leg positioning is highly appropriate and effective for vulvar cancer. It comes from DVH achievement doses at very maximum targets and on the minimal surrounding organs and patient comfort. The cost value of the IMRT technique is 0.2 cm