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A discrete atomic model of a crack tip in iron under mixed mode loads is examined. The results indicate that the behavior of the crack at the atomic scale as a function of the ratio of mode I to mode II component of load is quite complex. In general, crack tip plasticity appears to increase as the mode II component of load increases.

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A plasticity theory for porous metals is proposed. A simple model of a porous material is analysed by the finite element method. Small strain elastic-plastic analysis provides stress-strain curves, yield stresses and incremental plastic strain vectors for different void ratios. An assessment is made of an existing yield criterion for porous metals. A modified yield criterion and plastic potential function and, consequently, different plasticity equations are given. Reasonable agreement is obtained between the present numerical results and previous results in the literature.