Lacking in centralized wastewater treatment plant exist in all Indonesian cities. Drainage and river suffer from domestic wastewater contaminants. It also increases cost of water treatment plant operation if river used as water source. Using of greywater treatment system is believed as new solution. This paper will review application of greywater treatment in Indonesia. Some projects exist but most of them need supports from third party and their initial costs are high. Thus, low cost and reuse system in small community or household are important. Researches showed that constructed wetland is quite promising because the reduction of BOD concentration can reach 60-94%. However, land requirement and greywater generation could be the limitation and Anaerobic Baffled Reactor can be used as an alternative.

The high prevalence of helminth infection in Indonesia had encouraged the government to issue the Regulation of the Minister of Health concerning the Prevention of Soil-transmitted Helminths in 2017. Researches on the presence of helminth eggs in the environment, in soil and water as a media for transmitting the disease, are very few. <strong>Aim:</strong> <strong>The aim</strong> was conducted to investigate the potential presence of helminth eggs causing STH infections in two urban agricultural areas in northern and southern part of Bandung City. <strong>Methodology and results: </strong>Samples of water from the inlet and plantation area, as well as soil and water spinach produced by both regions, were collected and analyzed for the presence of helminth eggs using modified Bailinger methods. The number of helminth eggs of 1–119 eggs/L in water, soil, and vegetable samples. <strong>Conclusion, significance, and impact study: </strong>The results confirmed that the irrigation water used in both areas has been contaminated by feces. The average number of fecal coli exceeds the allowable value for the irrigation water source based on the Grade 4 of water quality criteria in Indonesia. Variations in the number of helminth eggs found in the samples can be caused by environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and soil types. The presence of helminth eggs in irrigation water and land samples exceeds the value recommended by WHO (2006) in the guidelines for the safe use of wastewater for agriculture. It can lead to an increased risk of helminth infection to consumers, agricultural workers, as well as residents around the farmland.

Soil-transmitted helminth eggs present to be non-excludable parameter for water quality and sanitation since they are linked to public health concern. Unfortunately, investigation of helminth eggs presence in wastewater is very limited in Indonesia. The result of previous study confirmed helminth eggs presence in irrigation water and land samples in agriculture field in urban area of Bandung. Inappropriate of wastewater treatment system and reuse of unsafe wastewater are the reason why helminth egg were found in agriculture area. Therefore, this study was conducted to get better understanding of helminth eggs presence in wastewater especially in fecal sludge of the city. Samples were collected from desludging trucks servicing residential and non-residential septic tanks from total 17 areas. Modification of US EPA method is used to analyse and enumerate the viable helminth eggs. There are big variations amount of helminth egg in samples from different area, from 4 eggs/L to 617 eggs/L. We found more than 10 species of helminth eggs. Hookworm egg counts were higher than those of Fasciola hepatica and Ascaris lumbricoides. This study also showed that septic tank inefficient for reducing helminth eggs presence in fecal sludge and for fulfilled recommendation of WHO for safe water reuse.

Kehadiran telur cacing parasit di lingkungan menjadi perhatian sejak badan kesehatan dunia (WHO) mempublikasikan versi baru dariPedoman untuk Penggunaan Kembali Air Limbah, Materi Fekal, dan Greywater untuk Pertanian dan Perairan tahun 2006 yang menjadikan telur cacing parasit sebagai polutan yang perlu mendapat perhatian. Batas ekuivalen telur cacing dalam air limbah yang digunakan kembali adalah 1 telur/L sedangkan jumlah maksimum pada lumpur adalah kurang dari 1 telur/gram total solid (TS). Telur cacing parasit, khususnya Ascaris spp., menjadi ancaman dalam pemanfaatan kembali air limbah dan lumpur sebagai produk sampingan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Domestik (IPALD) karena sifatnya yang resisten menyebabkan waktu ketahanan telur cacing lebih panjang dibandingkan mikroorganisme lain.