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Human excreta (faeces and urine) contribute only a small volume in domestic wastewater but are one of the main causes of water pollution. On the other hand, they contain very valuable nutrients to be reused as anthropogenic fertiliser through proper collection, treatment and hygienisation processes. To know the potential of nutrient recovery and reuse in Indonesia, a pilot scale source separation domestic wastewater system has been built in Surabaya and, so far, has shown promising results. Using urine diverting toilets, up to 86% nitrogen, 21% phosphorus and 69% potassium from urine and 12% of nitrogen, 68% of phosphorus and 20% of potassium from the faecal matter can be recovered. The separated urine was stored for 6 months before usage as fertiliser for hygienic reasons, while the separated faecal matter was composted with worms (vermicomposting). In order to investigate the fertilising effect, a preliminary cultivation experiment has been carried out on young rose plants using different fertilisers for 2 months.

Lacking in centralized wastewater treatment plant exist in all Indonesian cities. Drainage and river suffer from domestic wastewater contaminants. It also increases cost of water treatment plant operation if river used as water source. Using of greywater treatment system is believed as new solution. This paper will review application of greywater treatment in Indonesia. Some projects exist but most of them need supports from third party and their initial costs are high. Thus, low cost and reuse system in small community or household are important. Researches showed that constructed wetland is quite promising because the reduction of BOD concentration can reach 60-94%. However, land requirement and greywater generation could be the limitation and Anaerobic Baffled Reactor can be used as an alternative.

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A large amount of solid waste (SW) generation becomes inevitable for campus due to its population and variety of activities. Therefore, it is a challenge to develop and implement SW minimization plan to encourage sustainable campus practices. The aim of this study was to develop sustainable strategies to support this plan for Universitas Agung Podomoro (UAP) included evaluating the SW management condition by monitoring the SW generation and surveying the perception and willingness to participate of campus society. The results showed that the SW generation was 52.63 kg/day or 0.08 kg/person/day. The composition consisted of 32.29% biodegradable and 67.71% non-biodegradable. The recycling potential was 61.01% consisted of 22.28% composting and 38.73% recycling. The social survey showed that respondents had positive perceptions about SW minimization. The complete evaluation resulted in the development of strategies to decrease the SW generation rate, increase the recyclable material rate, and increase the participation of campus society.