Pencemaran udara merupakan salah satu permasalahan kota metropolitan seperti DKI Jakarta. Pemantauan kualitas udara DKI Jakarta sepanjang tahun 2018 -2019 oleh AirVisual dengan parameter kritis PM2,5 menunjukkan kondisi tidak sehat. Debu partikulat berukuran lebih kecil 2,5 mikron (PM2,5) sebagai salah satu polutan dari emisi yang dapat masuk dan menembus sistem saluran pernapasan manusia dan terikat darah melalui pertukaran gas pada alveolus paru sehingga dapat menyebabkan deposit pada alveolus dan mengakibatkan kerusakan sel. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis risiko kesehatan pada pedagang kaki lima karena adanya PM2,5 pada kondisi realtime. Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah observasi dengan menggunakan metode Analisis Risiko Kesehatan. Pengukuran berat badan, waktu pajanan harian, frekuensi pajanan dan lama pajanan diukur dari 60 pedagang kaki lima berjenis kelamin pria yang bekerja di bawah Flyover Pasar Pagi Asemka Jakarta Barat. Pasar Pagi Asemka Jakarta Barat merupakan sebuah area perdagangan yang berdekatan dengan jalan yang ramai. Konsentrasi polutan PM2,5 di udara ambien diperoleh dari data pemantauan AirVisual di Mangga Besar yang berlangsung selama 24 jam selama 7 hari. Estimasi risiko kesehatan dinyatakan dalam Risk Quotient (RQ) berdasarkan intake risk agent dan dosis referensinya (RfC). Pemantauan konsentrasi PM2,5 sebesar 35,1 µg/Nm 3 pada kondisi minimum, 116 µg/Nm 3 pada kondisi maksimum, dan dengan rata-rata 56,71 µg/Nm 3 . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan RQ<1 dalam pajanan realtime dapat diterima. Namun harus diwaspadai adanya perubahan iklim, kondisi alam dan peningkatan aktivitas lalulintas. Oleh karena itu upaya pemantauan, pengawasan, maupun pembinaan oleh pihak pemerintah akan sangat dibutuhkan untuk meminimalisir adanya gangguan kesehatan serta menanam pohon-pohon yang dapat menyerap polutan udara di sekitar jalan raya.
<strong>Aim: </strong>This study has been done to investigate the contamination in the main open channel using mathematical modeling to describe the pollutant transport of groundwater around the Cicabe final disposal site, Mandalajati Village, Bandung (coordinate 6°53'50"S; 107°39'48"E). <strong>Methodology and Result:</strong> This research was conducted in the irrigation channel that crossed next to Cicabe former waste disposal site. Pollutant parameter studied was Chromium (Cr) in water and sediment. To determine the pollutant transport along flow was using the equation of 1-dimensional analytical model based on advection–dispersion phenomena. The sampling was done twice for model calibration and validation. The samples collected included sediment and water. Pollutant input generated from leachate, domestic waste, and the open channel. The Cr simulation for k = 3 x 10<sup>-4</sup>/sec resulted that the model concentration was quite valid to approach observed Cr in observation and calibration. Simulations also done each segment to approach Cr observation with k<sub>1</sub> = 2.5x10<sup>-4</sup>/sec, k<sub>2</sub> = 1.1 x 10<sup>-3</sup>/sec, and k<sub>3</sub> = 0/sec. <strong>Conclusion, significance and impact study: </strong>Cr concentration in the water met the quality standard according to PP 82/2011, while the Cr concentrations in sediment were above the US-EPA standard (2004). The simulation result for calibration and validation with k=1.4x10<sup>-4</sup> Cr/sec showed the model was sufficient approaching the observed Cr. The Cr simulation indicated that the Cr had decayed as evidenced by the quite high Cr concentration in sediment.
Lindi (leachate) dari landfill menjadi permasalahan bagi lingkungan khususnya untuk air permukaan dan air tanah. Teknologi pengolahan yang diterapkan landfill pada umumnya masih mengeluarkan effluen yang belum memenuhi baku mutu. Dengan demikian masih diperlukan pengolahan lanjutan yang mampu menurunkan kadar pencemar di dalam lindi. Sistem constructed wetland merupakan salah satu metode yang dapat diterapkan. Constructed wetland merupakan suatu alternatif sederhana dengan biaya rendah yang telah terbukti efektif dalam perbaikan kualitas air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kondisi optimum constructed wetland aliran bawah permukaan dengan variasi jenis vegetasi, beban COD initial, dan waktu detensi dalam menyisihkan COD, BOD, NTK, Total Fosfat (TP) dan total suspended solid (TSS) pada lindi. Pada penelitian ini digunakan lima buah reaktor constructed wetland yang terdiri dari dua jenis tanaman: Cyperus papyrus dan Canna sp. Salah satu reaktor digunakan sebagai kontrol yakni diberi perlakuan tanpa tanaman. Nilai beban COD initial yang digunakan terdiri dari dua variasi yaitu 1000 mg/l COD dan 1500 mg/l COD, dengan waktu detensi (Td) 2 hari dan 4 hari. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa penyisihan tertinggi COD, BOD, dan TSS terjadi pada reaktor Cyperus papyrus dengan efisiensi penyisihan sebesar 94,81 % dan 94,72% untuk BOD dan COD (beban 1000 mg/l COD, Td 2 hari) serta 97,47% untuk TSS (beban 1000 mg/l COD, Td 4 hari). Penyisihan NTK dan TP terjadi pada tanaman Cyperus papyrus dengan efisiensi sebesar 96,36% (beban 1000 mg/l COD, Td 2 hari) dan 92,15% (beban 1500 mg/l COD, Td 4 hari) Kata kunci: constructed wetland, efisiensi penyisihan, lindi, vegetasi wetland, waktu detensi.
The habit of wasting water is widespread. One of the solutions is to “force” the consumer to conserve water by restricting the flow using a restrictor with the orifice principle. The aim of this study was to determine the performance of a restrictor in a pipeline model by defining the discharge coefficient obtained experimentally from the output discharge with or without the restrictor in static pressure water, and to examine the variation based on the tap opening. The restrictor had an opening at the center of the cylinder with a 2.5 mm diameter and it was installed in a water tap of 0.5 inches diameter based on the market. The effectiveness of the tool in reducing the water was determined by the discharge coefficient. Based on the results, it was found that the restrictor was capable of reducing the water discharge output by 60%-70% for discharge inputs ranging from 0.15 to 0.25 l/s. Moreover, the reduction for discharge inputs below 0.15 l/s resulted in an efficiency ranging from 30%-40%. The discharge output using the restrictor was approximately 0.06 to 0.07 l/s. The contraction coefficient and expansion coefficient were 1.720 (experimental) and 1.484 (theoretical). Keywords: water wasting reduction, water restrictor, orifice principle, experimental approach
A large amount of solid waste (SW) generation becomes inevitable for campus due to its population and variety of activities. Therefore, it is a challenge to develop and implement SW minimization plan to encourage sustainable campus practices. The aim of this study was to develop sustainable strategies to support this plan for Universitas Agung Podomoro (UAP) included evaluating the SW management condition by monitoring the SW generation and surveying the perception and willingness to participate of campus society. The results showed that the SW generation was 52.63 kg/day or 0.08 kg/person/day. The composition consisted of 32.29% biodegradable and 67.71% non-biodegradable. The recycling potential was 61.01% consisted of 22.28% composting and 38.73% recycling. The social survey showed that respondents had positive perceptions about SW minimization. The complete evaluation resulted in the development of strategies to decrease the SW generation rate, increase the recyclable material rate, and increase the participation of campus society.
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