No abstract

No abstract

Researchers, stakeholders and policy makers agree about the importance of the population ageing in modern societies, so a broad analysis of current research strategies is in progress, such as FUTURAGE, a network for drawing a map for future research on ageing. This document presents the Spanish contribution to this map following FUTURAGE guidelines, drawn from the debates held in the 'Ageing. Research in Spain and Europe' Workshop. The first part consists of general ideas seeking to define future challenges on research using a multidisciplinary approach, in which the theoretical and methodological debate, the comparative and multilevel perspective, the transfer of knowledge and involvement of the older people would be essential to consider. Some of the main issues according to FUTURAGE structure are, the bio-gerontology of ageing, healthy and active ageing, and the socioeconomic and environmental resources of ageing. The interaction between these contents is pivotal to understand the research on ageing. Finally, the document provides some methodological and instrumental ideas to reinforce the need for cross-sectional research initiatives, integrating different data and combining methods in order to develop assessment and intervention strategies. Other aspects look into the mechanisms to coordinate research within a European context. The map on ageing research has been published after the consultation process in Europe (http://futurage.group.shef.ac.uk/road-map.html) and is now ready to be considered for integration into future European and Spanish research programs.

RESUMENLa información sobre los servicios públicos para las personas mayores a menudo se limita a la atención residencial y a la ayuda a domicilio. Sin embargo, estos servicios básicos son en muchos países complementados o sustituidos por otros servicios de menor envergadura, como el transporte, comidas a domicilio, teleasistencia y centros de día. Esta diversificación partió de un racionamiento de los servicios para lograr una asignación más racional de los recursos y, si se podía, un menor gasto.En este trabajo se utilizan diversos datos sobre estos servicios en España y Suecia. Cuando se consideran todos los cuidados, la cobertura de atención es mucho mayor que si sólo se contemplan los servicios básicos. Esto indica una mayor consolidación de los mismos.Los datos sugieren mayor focalización en Suecia, y prestaciones fragmentadas en España, donde parece que los usuarios alcanzan lo disponible, con poca diferenciación entre sus necesidades. Cuando las tasas de cobertura son superiores, como en Suecia, hay mayor solapamiento entre el cuidado familiar y los servicios públicos. Con tasas más bajas, como en España, los cuidados familiares y los servicios públicos son sustitutos unos de otros.Se sugiere que una mayor diversidad de servicios, básicos y secundarios, puede adaptarse mejor y de manera más eficiente a las diversas necesidades de las personas mayores que la elección entre ningún servicio, ayuda domiciliaria o atención residencial. Aunque estos servicios secundarios también puedan ser utilizados como un sustituto de bajo coste, e inferior calidad, en la atención. ABSTRACT Diversification and Strengthening of Services for Older People in Spain and SwedenInformation on public services for older people is often limited to institutional care and Home Help/Home Care, be it for individuals in surveys, statistics for a specific country or for international comparisons. Yet, these two major services are in many countries supplemented -or substituted -by other, minor services. The latter include services such as transportation services, meals-on-wheels, alarm systems and day care. This diversification is the outcome of a rationing of services to achieve a more rational allocation of resources and attempts to keep down costs.In this presentation we use various data sources to provide information on all these types of support for Spain and Sweden. When all of them are considered, service coverage is much higher than by basic services alone, indicating further consolidation of services. Data suggests a high targeting in Sweden, but fragmented delivery in Spain, where -we suspect -users get what is available, with little differentiation between needs. With higher service rates, as in Sweden, there is greater overlap between family care and public services; with lower coverage rates, as in Spain, family care and public services are more often substituted for each other.It is suggested that a range of services, major and minor, may suit the varying needs of older people better -and more efficiently -than the choice bet...

RESUMENEl concepto envejecimiento activo apareció por primera vez en 1999 recogiendo la tradición científica del paradigma positivo del envejecimiento. Este unifica las nociones de participación, salud, independencia y buen envejecer, siendo la participación el componente central. Este paradigma fue asumido como la gran respuesta política al envejecimiento demográfico tratando de cambiar el concepto tradicional de vejez, dotando a las personas mayores de nuevos roles. La iniciativa “Age-Friendly Cities and Communities” lanzada por la OMS en 2005 se planteó con el objetivo de llevar a la práctica en lo local este paradigma. Su finalidad última es promover un movimiento de participación ciudadana protagonizado por las personas mayores como generadoras de bienestar, traspasando las barreras del envejecimiento activo hacia un concepto más amplio de ciudadanía. Además, es necesario que se adapte a la época actual en la que las nuevas generaciones reclaman un espacio donde poder desarrollarse y contribuir en procesos con grupos y comunidades con las que se identifican, independientemente de su edad. La revolución de la longevidad plantea retos, que podemos y debemos aprovechar para construir una sociedad mejor, más igualitaria y capaz de reconocer el valor de cada persona con independencia de su edad y condición social, cultural o racial.Palabras Clave: Envejecimiento activo, ciudades amigables, participación, personas mayores, ciudadanía.ABSTRACTThe concept of active ageing first appeared in 1999, including the scientific tradition of the positive paradigm of ageing. Active ageing unifies the notions of health, independence, good aging and participation, being this last one the central component. This paradigm was assumed as a broad political response to demographic ageing, which tries to change the traditional concept of old age, providing older people with new roles. The initiative “Age-Friendly Cities and Communities”, launched by the WHO in 2005, was raised with the aim of applying this paradigm into practice at the local level. Its purpose is to promote a movement of citizen participation where older people have the leading role as generators of well-being, transcending the barriers of active aging towards a broader concept of citizenship. Additionally, it should be adapted to the current era in which the new generations demand a space where they can develop and contribute to processes with groups and communities which they are identified with, regardless of their age. The revolution of longevity poses challenges, which we can and must take advantage of in order to build a better, more egalitarian society and able to recognise the value of each person regardless of their age and social, cultural or racial condition.Keywords: Active ageing, friendly cities, participation, older people, citizenship.