Background: Intestinal obstruction is one of the commonest surgical emergencies seen in pediatric patients. In last few decades, the scenario of diagnosis and management of pediatric intestinal obstruction has been changed due to better understanding of pathophysiology, improvement in diagnostic methods, availability of better antibiotics, safer pediatric anesthesia and advanced pre and post operative intensive care. Objectives: To study the epidemiology, clinical features and outcome of intestinal obstruction in paediatric patients. Methods: The present prospective study was conducted in department of General Surgery, Index Medical College, Indore in paediatric patients admitted with clinical features and diagnosis of intestinal obstruction between July 2014 to June 2016 (2 years). Results: Majority of cases of intestinal obstruction in our study were in age group of 0-1 years (70.2%), followed by the age group of 1-5 years (20.2%) and more than 5 years (9.6%). Conclusion: Majority of patients (70.2%) were of less than one year age, and male to female ratio was found to be 3.5:1. Congenial causes of intestinal obstruction were more common (61.7%) than the acquired causes. Intussusception (18.1%) was the commonest cause of intestinal obstruction in this series.

Introduction: Infantile hemangiomas are the most common benign vascular tumors of infancy. The prevalence is around 3-10%. The various risk factors include female gender, prematurity, low birth weight, multiple pregnancies, advanced maternal age and in vitro fertilization. IH most commonly affect the head and neck region. This study aims to give an insight and highlight the evidence-based approach in the management of IH. To assess the occurrence, plan Aim: of management and the interventions in the management of hemangiomas occurring in children. This study used a retrospective observational m Method: ethod to assess and evaluate the various interventions employed in the management of infantile hemangiomas between July 2021 and February 2022. A total of 50 patients were Result: included in the study, 30 were females and 20 males. 15 lesions were surgically treated, 5 underwent laser ablation and remaining 30 were treated with beta blockers and corticosteroids. The primary outcome measures were clearance, a subjective measure of improvement, and adverse events. Secondary outcomes were other measures of resolution; aesthetic appearance; and requirement for surgical correction. The Outcome: treatment of IH depends on the following factors: Type of hemangioma, stage of the lesion, location and extent, number and distribution of the lesion, associated systemic involvement, presence or absence of ulceration and psychosocial distress of the parents or child. In general, any function threatening (ocular, ear, nasal tip, lip, large disguring facial lesion and genitalia involvement) or life-threatening hemangioma, need intervention. The remaining cases need only active non-intervention, like education about the natural course, treatment options and anticipatory guidance. Systemic corticosteroids are used for complicated hemangiomas, followed by non-selective beta-blockers, such as oral propranolol and topical timolol can be used for uncomplicated localized lesions.

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Background: Inguino-scrotal swellings are frequently observed in patients of pediatric age group. Inguinal hernia and Hydrocele are the most common causes of such swellings in children. For their effective management, it is essential to study various factors like age, sex etc. associated with inguinal hernia in pediatric age group. Objectives: To study the epidemiology, management and outcome of inguinal hernia in children. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on pediatric patients with inguinal hernia for a period of 18 months, between February 2015 to July 2016. Patients from newborn to 14 years of age were selected for this study. Results: Inguinal hernia can occur at any age, but the majority of patients are seen between 1 to 5 years of age. It is more commonly seen in male children and incidence is slightly higher on right side. Almost all of the inguinal hernia in pediatric age group is of indirect type, which develops due to congenitally patent processus vaginalis. Conclusion: Early surgical intervention in form of Inguinal herniotomy is the most appropriate management of inguinal hernia in children.

introduction Anorectal malformations (ARMs) comprise a spectrum of birth defects in newborn male and female children which include rectum, anal canal, genitalia and urinary tract. ARMs incidence ranging 1:2000-5000 live birth.1,2The spectrum of ARM varies from mild anterior displacement of anus to complex anomalies such as cloacal exstrophy.[4] The main goal of management is correct diagnosis and surgery so as to achieve good anatomic and functional outcome so that a child can lead his or her life as normal as possible. MATERIAL AND METHODS All children of pediatric age group from 0 to 15 years admitted in surgical wards and/or pediatric wad of Index Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Indore with diagnosis of Anorectal Malformations who will undergo all stage of treatment and follow-up. This was prospective and observational study. DISCUSSION The management of infants with ARM continues to be a challenge to pediatric surgeons, worldwide. For better results, precise anatomical reconstruction and careful preservation of Structure is required. ARM being a complex group of disorders, is not easy to diagnose at primary healthcare level. The social awareness about the disease is low and it also varies with Sex of child, place of living and education of parents. CONCLUSION  Anorectal malformation is a surgically treatable entity. Early restorative surgery leads to good outcome. Time being the essence, awareness about the condition, hospital delivery and detailed neonatal examination is advisable. In developing countries like India, where illiteracy and poverty are prevalent and where there is neglect of female child, early diagnosis and referral to specialty centres for surgery is always commendable in terms of social acceptance and a sound psyche.