Background: Staphylococcus aureus has long been recognized as a major pathogen of urinary tract and hospital acquired infections. Over the last decade antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation potential by pathogens is a major challenge. In this study we screened S. aureus clinical isolates by antimicrobial susceptibilty and biofilm assays to determine biofilm capability of vancomycin and ciprofloxacin resistant isolates. Methods: Six clinical isolates of S. aureus were characterized by biochemical tests and further antibiotic susceptibility of vancomycin and ciprofloxacin were tested against S. aureus clinical isolates by disc diffusion method. Biofilm formation capability of these isolates were performed by microtiter plate, coverslip congored agar and tube assays. Results and disscusion:In this study we found that two isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and three isolates were resistant to vancomycin, on the basis of CLSI guidelines. Ciprofloxacin resistant isolates showed moderate biofilm formation while vancomycin resistant showed strong biofilm formation. Conclusion:We have concluded that ciprofloxacin and vancomycin resistant clinical isolates were showed differences in biofilm formation. Staphylococcal isolates having biofilm propensity exhibit more resistance to antibiotics, hence are difficult to treat.

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Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a manifestation of body from multiple causes of weakened immune system, a developed internal allergic response to un-known allergens, hormonal factors, stress and other unknown factors. The present study was undertaken to determine the Anti-arthritic and Anti-inflammatory property of Lactobacillus acidophilus as probiotics against Col-lagen induced arthritis (CIA) in wistar rat. CIA (100μl) was induced intrader-mally at several sites on the back. A dose of L. acidophilus 2 x 108 CFU/ml was administered orally after induction of arthritis i.e. on 7th day. Dexame-thasone was given as standard drug in the dose of 0.3-3.0 mg/kg body weight. Paw thickness was measured and scored regularly. After sacrifice, blood was withdrawn for haematological, biochemical and serological analy-sis. Histopathology of liver, kidney and ovary was also performed. Oral ad-ministration of Lactobacillus significantly decreased the serum ceruloplasmin level. Beneficial effects such as increased adhesive property shown by Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), increased haemoglobin content and RBC and decreased WBC counts were observed. High level of C’ Reactive Protein was observed in arthritic control rats. However, L. acidophilus treatment significantly de-creased CRP level. Standard Drug also reduced the CRP level. Similarly Rheu-matoid factor was also decreased in LAB and standard drug group as com-pared to the control. In conclusion LAB has potent anti-arthritic property against and shown reduced level of RF and CRP in collagen induced arthritis in wistar rats.