The present study was designed to find the importance of proper screening and early diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus. Study Design: A prospective/ descriptive study Place of Study: tertiary care hospital Hyderabad. Duration of Study: from September 2014 to November 2014. Materials and Methods: A total of 168 pregnant females between the ages of 20-40 years & in their 24th to 28th week of gestation were enrolled for the study. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test of all the participants was done after an overnight fasting of 10-12 hours. All the participants were given 75gm of glucose per 100 ml of distilled water. The blood samples were collected after two hours time for serum glucose levels. Results: Most of the participants were below 26 years of age 47(27.9%) with the mean age of 30.2±5.83 years. However the highest prevalence of GDM was observed in age group 31-35 years (36%). Among the 25 cases of gestational diabetes mellitus the highest number of patients with GDM were multipara (40%) followed by parity of 3-4 gravida (32%). Twenty seven women (16%) women had family history of diabetes mellitus. Among these 12/27 (44.4%) women were found with GDM, compared to 15/141 (10.6%) who have no family history of diabetes mellitus. Total 14 (8.33%) women were found obese, out of these 8 (57%) women had GDM while only 6 (42.8%) women had no GDM. Conclusion: The prevalence of GDM in the present study is found to be 14.8%. A prevalence of GDM was higher in the elderly multiparous females who were overweight and had family history of diabetes mellitus.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of age on the relationship between hypertension and its clinical signs and symptoms. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient department of Shahida Islam Medical Complex hospital, Lodhran. A total of 304 patients with history of hypertension and taking anti-hypertensive medication were included in the study. Each patient’s demographic profile and hypertension related clinical signs and symptoms were recorded through interview, using a structured questionnaire whereas their blood pressure levels were measured by using a sphygmomanometer with stethoscope on upper arm. The patients were categorized into three age groups, I. II and III each between 18 to 35, 36 to 55 and 56 years or above age respectively. Results: The predicted outcome of the study revealsthat among subjects aged up to 35 years only palpitation was notablylinked with systolic hypertension while only shortness of breath was notablyrelated with diastolic hypertension; among subjects between 36 to 55 years of age, smoking history, sleep apnea and palpitation were markedlylinked with systolic hypertension but only sleep apnea was considerablyrelated with diastolic hypertension while among patients aged 56 years or above, headache, vertigo. whereas both headache and palpitation were considerablyrelated with diastolic hypertension. Conclusion: The clinical manifestations of hypertension tend to increase with advancing age of the patients. Keywords: Age Groups, Hypertension, Signs and Symptoms

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Objective: To find out the Modified Marsh type of celiac disease (CD)patients on histopathological examination of duodenal (D2) biopsies and to correlate it withtissue transglutaminase IgA levels. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place of Study:Histopathology laboratory (Department of Pathology), Isra University Hospital and AsianInstitute of Medical Sciences (AIMS), Hyderabad. Duration of Study: July 2013 to December2013. Materials and Methods: 96 patients with a history of malabsorption or atypical symptomswith clinical suspicion of CD were subjected to endoscopy. Endoscopic duodenal (D2) biopsieswere taken regardless of age and gender. D2 biopsies were processed for histopathologicalexamination under light microscopy. Results: Out of 96 patients, 45 (46.9%) patients hadmoderate type of lamina propria inflammation along with highly significant p-value (0.0001).CDtype 3a was observed in 34 patients (35.4%). In this study the comparison of serological level oftissue Transglutaminase IgA (tTGA) and histological severity revealed significant correlation. AllModified Marsh types of CD with tTGA level seen in our study were highly significant (p-value0.001). Conclusion: In this study strong correlation was observed between the serologicaltTGA level and histological findings by Modified Marsh classification along with lamina propriainflammation of duodenal mucosa in CD patients.

Objective: To evaluate the anti diabetic effect of cinnamon extract in alloxaninduced diabetic animal model (albino rats) in comparison with oral hypoglycemic drugs. StudyDesign: An Experimental study. Place of Study: Al Tibri Medical College, Isra University, KarachiCampus. Duration of Study: December 2012 to December 2013. Materials and Methods: Total60 Albino rats of both genders were divided into 6 groups consisting of 10 rats in each group.Each group of animals was further divided into two sub groups containing 5 rats in each groupResults: The results obtained from the data indicated that there is significant reduction in bloodglucose level rats treated with low dose of cinnamon extract. The animals of low dose cinnamonextract (200mg/kg. bw) when compared with other groups; there is a reduction in the bloodglucose level in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Also tolbutamide and acarbose treated groupsshowed better antidiabetic effects as compared with cinnamon extract treated groups (pvalue<0.007 and p value<0.012 respectively), but cinnamon extract treated group showedsynergetic effects when it was given in combination with tolbutamide or acarbose havingsignificant p value<0.001 and p value<0.011 respectively. Conclusions: Tolbutamide andAcarbose showed better anti diabetic effect in comparison with cinnamon extract treated groupswhen used individually. This effect was enhanced when cinnamon was used in combination witheither tolbutamide or acarbose.