No abstract

The effect of parity and oral contraceptive (OC) use on breast cancer risk differs by cancer subtype as defined by histology. Family history of breast cancer impacts decisions regarding both parity and oral contraceptive use; it is unknown whether reproductive risk factors are related to uncommon histologies in women with and without a strong family history. Methods: Using population-based data from the Breast Cancer Family Registry, we conducted analyses using unordered polytomous regression to determine the role of family history in associations between parity, OC use, and breast cancer histologic subtype, among 3,260 cases and 2,997 controls. Histologic types examined included ductal and lobular as well as the uncommon histologies of mucinous, tubular, and medullary cancer. Results: Twenty-eight percent of cases and 9% of controls had a family history (defined as at least 1 first-degree relative with breast cancer). Cases with and without family history were similar in regards to OC use (75% and 73%, respectively were ever-users) and parity (2.08 children in cases with family history, 2.10 in cases without). In a multivariable model, when compared with controls, OC use was inversely associated with tumors of mucinous histology (OR ¼ 0.43, 95% CI 0.23-0.79 for use !5 years vs. never use). There was a stronger inverse association with OC use and the mucinous subtype among those without a family history (OR ¼ 0.27, 95% CI 0.13-0.57), and a nonsignificant positive association in those with family history (OR ¼ 2.19, 95% CI 0.40-11.84). High parity (!3 children) was positively associated with medullary histology (OR ¼ 2.62, 95% CI 1.16-5.91, compared with nulliparity); the association was stronger among women without a family history (OR ¼ 4.31, 95% CI 1.67-11.12), and was not significantly associated among those with a family history (OR ¼ 0.36, 95% CI 0.06-2.29). Parity was inversely associated with the mucinous type (OR ¼ 0.45, 95% CI 0.21-0.96, compared with nulliparity), and this effect remained stable in women with and without family history. Conclusion: This study suggests that selected reproductive risk factors may only be related to uncommon breast cancer histologies among women without a family history of breast cancer.

(95% CI, 1.18-1.51) among never or former smokers (p-trend < 0.001). This positive trend for PCa mortality was mainly observed among men with BMI measured more than 5 years before diagnosis, and among those age >65 years old at diagnosis. Compared with never smokers, current smokers had significantly elevated risk of PCa death, with a HR of 1.92 (95% CI, 1.52-2.43) regardless of the time of measurement, age at diagnosis and BMI. After further adjusting for tumor stage and grade, the association between BMI, smoking and PCa death was attenuated but remained statistical significant. CON-CLUSIONS: In this consortium study of eight large cohorts, smoking and overweight/obesity before diagnosis were significant predictors for subsequent PCa-specific mortality. Smoking significantly modifies the association of BMI and PCa-specific mortality. observed in their birth country and in the US. This transition of risk may partly be explained by uptake of risk factors associated with acculturation. Investigating whether immigration and acculturation risk patterns are similarly reflected in disease biomarkers can provide insight into mechanisms underlying the transition of risk. We examined differences in the distribution of BC risk factors, absolute risk estimates and mammographic density by ethnicity and acculturation. We used data from 366 women recruited from an urban mammography clinic (ages 40-64 years) to compare BC risk factors and Gail model risk estimates across US-born white, US-born African American [AA], US-born Hispanic and foreign-born Hispanic women. We used linear regression models to examine the associations of immigration and acculturation indicators (e.g., generational status, age and life stage at immigration, language use) with percent density and dense breast area, measured from mammograms. Differences in BC risk factors were mostly observed for ethnic groups, with white women having higher reproductive and lifestyle risk profiles (e.g., lower parity, older age at first birth, higher alcohol intake), Hispanics having shorter height and AAs having larger body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. The average lifetime and 5-year Gail estimates were highest in whites (11.4% & 1.4%), intermediate in AAs (7.2% & 1.0%) and lowest in Hispanics (6.9% & 0.7% in US-born and 6.6% & 0.8% in foreign-born). After adjusting for age, BMI and parity, lower linguistic acculturation, shorter residence in the US, and later age at immigration were associated with lower percent density (all p values for trend across acculturation levels <0.05); e.g., monolingual Spanish and bilingual speakers respectively had on average 5.6% (95% CI, À10.0-À1.3) and 3.8% (95% CI, À8.1-0.4) lower percent density than monolingual English speakers. Similar but more modest associations were observed for dense area. The increase in BC risk after immigration to the US and subsequent acculturation may operate via influences on mammographic density in Hispanic women. Hamilton JG, Salerno M, Amoroso K, Sheehan M, Harlan Fleischut M, Glogowski E, S...

No abstract

The effect of parity and oral contraceptive (OC) use on breast cancer risk differs by cancer subtype as defined by histology. Family history of breast cancer impacts decisions regarding both parity and oral contraceptive use; it is unknown whether reproductive risk factors are related to uncommon histologies in women with and without a strong family history. Methods: Using population-based data from the Breast Cancer Family Registry, we conducted analyses using unordered polytomous regression to determine the role of family history in associations between parity, OC use, and breast cancer histologic subtype, among 3,260 cases and 2,997 controls. Histologic types examined included ductal and lobular as well as the uncommon histologies of mucinous, tubular, and medullary cancer. Results: Twenty-eight percent of cases and 9% of controls had a family history (defined as at least 1 first-degree relative with breast cancer). Cases with and without family history were similar in regards to OC use (75% and 73%, respectively were ever-users) and parity (2.08 children in cases with family history, 2.10 in cases without). In a multivariable model, when compared with controls, OC use was inversely associated with tumors of mucinous histology (OR ¼ 0.43, 95% CI 0.23-0.79 for use !5 years vs. never use). There was a stronger inverse association with OC use and the mucinous subtype among those without a family history (OR ¼ 0.27, 95% CI 0.13-0.57), and a nonsignificant positive association in those with family history (OR ¼ 2.19, 95% CI 0.40-11.84). High parity (!3 children) was positively associated with medullary histology (OR ¼ 2.62, 95% CI 1.16-5.91, compared with nulliparity); the association was stronger among women without a family history (OR ¼ 4.31, 95% CI 1.67-11.12), and was not significantly associated among those with a family history (OR ¼ 0.36, 95% CI 0.06-2.29). Parity was inversely associated with the mucinous type (OR ¼ 0.45, 95% CI 0.21-0.96, compared with nulliparity), and this effect remained stable in women with and without family history. Conclusion: This study suggests that selected reproductive risk factors may only be related to uncommon breast cancer histologies among women without a family history of breast cancer.