Since 2017, garlic has received special attention from the Indonesian government considering its imbalance conditions in the domestic market. For that purpose, the government has established a self-sufficiency plan for garlic in 2045 through increased domestic production. However, the limitation of clove quality and data of the character description for garlic has become a major constraint in terms of the similarity of bulb characters and cloves between accessions. East Java AIAT has conducted an exploration of garlic germplasms to several areas of production centers as a source of planting materials for clove production. The objective of this study was to collect and to identify differentiated characters from the garlic accessions. This activity took place from 2017 2018 in four regencies, obtained the bulb of four varieties, and three garlic accessions. Each accession has its characteristics. The research result showed that Geol had the heaviest bulb weight and the highest bulb length. Regarding the ratio between the length and diameter of the bulbs, Tawangmangu Baru showed the highest ratio, followed by Lumbu Hijau and TN1. From the clove characteristics, Tawangmangu Baru showed the heaviest clove weight. Furthermore, the ratio between the length/diameter of the bulbs and cloves indicated the diversity between accessions. Also, it was potentially to be used as a differentiator between accessions.

Shallots productivity can be increased through improved cultivation by using high-quality varieties and organic fertilizers. The objective of the present study was to determine the growth and yields of shallots with the application of “Kompota”; the organic fertilizers enriched with microbes (Azospirillum sp, Azotobacter sp, and Aeromonas sp). The experiment was carried out from April to July 2020 in Panimbang Jaya village of Pandeglang Regency, Banten Province. The study used a randomized block design, consisting of 4 treatments and 8 replications. Treatment (P1): Urea 180 kg/ha+SP-36 100 kg/ha+NPK Phonska 500 kg/ha+KCl 60 kg/ha, (P2): chicken manure 5 ton/ha+Urea 180 kg/ha+SP-36 100 kg/ha+NPK Phonska 500 kg/ha+KCl 60 kg/ha, (P3): Petroganik 1 ton/ha+ Urea 180 kg/ha+SP-36 100 kg/ha+NPK Phonska 500 kg/ha+KCl 60 kg/ha, (P4): Kompota 1 ton/ha+ Urea 180 kg/ha+SP-36 100 kg/ha+NPK Phonska 500 kg/ha+KCl 60 kg/ha. The variety used was Bima. From the results, P4 gave the best plant growth with plant height 47.01 cm, the number of leaves 43.55 strands, the number of tubers 11.54 per clump, and gave the highest shallot yields (9.57 ton/ha). During the Covid-19 pandemic, with the average selling price of shallot bulbs of IDR 25,000/kg, farmers gained IDR 174.744.000/ha/season.

The main problem of mangosteen production is yellow latex in the rind and aril of the mangosteen fruit. The yellow latex occurs from the yellow latex channel’s rupture and contaminates the arils or mangosteen rind. The rupture is thought due to the lack of calcium in the epithelial cell walls of the yellow latex ducts. The present study aimed to determine the effect of calcium in reducing yellow latex in the mangosteen fruit. The study was conducted in Luhur Jaya Village, Lebak Regency of Banten Province. The study used a randomized block design, consisting of 6 treatments and 5 replications with treatment P0=control, P1=dose of calcium/dolomite lime 2 kg/tree, P2=dose of calcium/dolomite lime 3 kg/tree, P3=dose of calcium/dolomite lime 4 kg/tree, P4=dose of calcium/dolomite lime 5 kg/tree, P5=dose of calcium/dolomite lime 6 kg/tree. The calcium was given when the mangosteen plant started to flower. From the results, the application of calcium using dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) reduced yellow latex contamination in mangosteen rind at doses of 5 kg/tree. All doses of calcium applied (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 kg/tree) reduced yellow latex contamination in arils. The application of calcium with dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) did not affect fruit weight and dotted on mangosteen.

A study on duck production systems was conducted in Banten Province, Indonesia. The objective of the study was to assess the economic contribution of duck production systems for smallholders’ livelihood. Four duck production systems were distinguished in the research area; a fully yarded-small scale system (DPS 1), a fully yarded-large scale system (DPS 2), a combination of yarded and scavenging system (DPS 3) and a combination of herded, scavenging and yarded system (DPS 4). Primary data was gathered from 43 respondents using a questionnaire. The economic parameter such as costs, benefits, gross margin and income contribution from each duck production system were calculated. Data were analyzed using the Kruskall-Wallis test. From the result, the highest family labor time was in DPS 4 (7.0±0.48 hours/hh/day) and the lowest was in DPS 2 (2.0 ± 1.00 hours/hh/day). Compared to other systems, DPS 2 had the highest labor cost (14,400 ± 4,800 (thousand IDR/year)) and gross margin (131,875.65 ± 28,152.85 (thousand IDR/year)). In Banten Province, duck production systems contributed to smallholders’ livelihoods. In some cases, it only gave a small contribution (DPS 3) or even negative contribution (DPS 1) to the households’ income. In other cases, it resulted in good output (DPS 2 and DPS 4).

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