At present food-security and sustainability is a burning issue all over the world. Many indigenous food crops of Bangladesh which promises to ameliorate fruit nutritional food demand and they have the good possibility to develop the world market. Country bean is one of the most important vegetables and pulse crop which have tremendous nutritional value and this crop is cultivated round of the year. Insects, diseases, weeds and soil nutrient management were found as the major barriers for country bean production. Lack of technical knowledge and improper crop management approaches were observed to bean cultivation. To optimize the higher yield of country bean, it had to use less hazardous insecticides, fungicides, biocides, herbicides, and balanced fertilizer and bio-fertilizers in crop management practice. This review paper examined the problems and solutions for the country bean production.

Irrational applications of insecticides on vegetable crops are very common in Bangladesh, resulting in harmful consequences for the environment and human health. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of biological and botanical insecticides on okra shoot and fruit borer grown in open fields. Four insecticides were used in this study, namely Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), Spinosad 45 SC, Abamectin 1.8 EC, and Azadirachtin 1% EC an untreated control. The experiment used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed that the rate of shoot infestation was the lowest in the Spinosad-treated plot (3.80%), and the highest was in the control (20.67%). The lowest fruit infestation (3.56%) was recorded in the treated plot of Spinosad. The rate of reduction of fruit infestation over control was 80.69, 60.14, 56.45, and 55.58% in the plots treated with Spinosad, Bt, Azadirachtin, and Abamectin, respectively. Consequently, the Spinosad-treated plot attained the highest yield (8.65 t ha−1), which was followed by the plots treated with Azadirachtin (6.74 t ha−1), Bt (6.28 t ha−1), and Abamectin (6.12 t ha−1). The highest net return and benefit–cost ratio (BCR) were 542.36 US$ and 2.64, obtained respectively from the Spinosad-treated plot. The second highest BCR (1.70) was obtained from the Azadiratin-treated plot, and the lowest BCR (1.18) was recorded in the Abamectin-treated plot. Therefore, the studied insect management practices could be incorporated to attain higher yields and economic benefits for growing okra in Bangladesh.

The study was conducted to analyze organophosphorus pesticide residues in two common vegetables (cauliflower and eggplant) collected from five local markets of Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. The collected samples were carried to the Pesticide Analytical Laboratory, Entomology Division of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur on the same sampling day. The collected samples were analyzed using Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) extraction technique and Gas Chromatography (GC) coupled with Flame Thermionic Detector (FTD). In total, 60 vegetable samples were analyzed in this study. Out of 30 analyzed samples of cauliflower, 5 samples (17% of the total number of samples) contained residues of dimethoate, chlorpyrifos and quinalphos, where 3 samples contained residues above the maximum residue limits (MRLs). Among the 30 analyzed samples of eggplant, 5 samples (17% of the total number of samples) contained residues of chlorpyrifos, quinalphos, and dimethoate, where only one sample contained residues above MRL. This study reflects the actual scenario of pesticide residues remain in cauliflower and eggplant collected from local markets of Mymensingh district, which will help the consumer to be aware of their health and safety. Thus, continuous monitoring of pesticide residues in vegetables should be strengthened. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2022, 6 (1), 10-17

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The main aim of this review is to document the insect pests and diseases of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) and their management in Bangladesh compared to other jackfruit growing countries. This article was based on mostly literature review. A. heterophyllus being the national fruit of Bangladesh, is widely consumed by most of the rural people. All parts of the fruit and tree are used as human food, animal feed and wood source for furniture. Jackfruit contains anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-helminthic properties. The fruit is rich in carbohydrates, minerals, carboxylic acids, dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals. The seed is rich in manganese, magnesium, potassium, calcium iron and lectins and thus meets up nutritional requirements for the rural people. Despite the importance, a number of insect pests and diseases attack jackfruit plant and fruit. Shoot and fruit borer (Diaphania caesalis Walker) and trunk borer (Batocera rufomaculata De Geer) have been reported as major insect pests, while stem and fruit rot (Rhizopus artocarpi), bacterial dieback, pink disease (Pelliculana salmonicolor), leafspot (Phomopsis artocarpina), fruit bronzing (Pantoea stewartia Smith) and Gummosis (Phomopsis artocarpi) have been reported as major diseases. The pruning and training are an effective management technique for the insect pests and diseases. This technique provides well ventilation and reduces relative humidity at tree canopy level. Bordeaux paste is a common fungicide for the management of jackfruit borer pest and rhizopus rot, leaf spot, dieback and gummosis diseases. This paper has heighted the multifarious benefits of jackfruit plant and described the problems and solutions of jackfruit cultivation in agroforestry system of Bangladesh.