Alkaloids are the most diversified nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites, having antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, and are extensively used in pharmaceuticals to treat different types of cancer. Nicotiana serves as a reservoir of anti-cancer alkaloids and is also used as a model plant for the de novo synthesis of various anti-cancer molecules through genetic engineering. Up to 4% of the total dry weight of Nicotiana was found to be composed of alkaloids, where nicotine, nornicotine, anatabine, and anabasine are reported as the dominant alkaloids. Additionally, among the alkaloids present in Nicotiana, β-carboline (Harmane and Norharmane) and Kynurenines are found to show anti-tumor effects, especially in the cases of colon and breast cancers. Creating new or shunting of existing biosynthesis pathways in different species of Nicotiana resulted in de novo or increased synthesis of different anti-tumor molecules or their derivatives or precursors including Taxadiane (~22.5 µg/g), Artemisinin (~120 μg/g), Parthenolide (~2.05 ng/g), Costunolide (~60 ng/g), Etoposide (~1 mg/g), Crocin (~400 µg/g), Catharanthine (~60 ng/g), Tabersonine (~10 ng/g), Strictosidine (~0.23 mg/g), etc. Enriching the precursor pool, especially Dimethylallyl Diphosphate (DMAPP), down-regulating other bi-product pathways, compartmentalization or metabolic shunting, or organelle-specific reconstitution of the precursor pool, might trigger the enhanced accumulation of the targeted anti-cancer alkaloid in Nicotiana.

With the rapid prosperity of the global economy and industry, as the energy demand, many factors influence power-producing sectors, including government incentives, customer demand, production cost, eco-friendly, and investors investment. To analyze the cost-benefit-subsidy in power generator system under the evolutionary game setting, we considered two asymmetric game structures by coupling the photovoltaic (PV) power system and coal-fired (CF) power system. To model the asymmetric games for PV and CF, Game-1 considers respective cost and benefit, whereas, Game-2 deliberates cost, benefit, and government subsidy. We present both analytical and numerical approaches within this framework.

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This paper proposes multiple optimal combinations of renewable and nonrenewable energy systems for Nilphamari, Bangladesh. The Nilphamari relies mainly on on-grid electricity system. Therefore, the optimal combination of hybrid energy systems related to renewable and nonrenewable options is proposed to mitigate grid dependency. This hybrid energy system generates electricity for the consumption loads of the project area in which the natural resource potentials like solar, wind, hydro, and diesel are available. All power sources and resources data are included in the Homer software carefully. Finally, the Homer software is applied for viable techno-economic investigations especially cost of energy (COE) and net present cost (NPC) for the proposed hybrid system in Nilphamari, Bangladesh. The optimization result indicates that $0.224/kWh is the minimal COE. The proposed system has an operating cost of $16,156.16, a COE of $0.241/kWh, an NPC of $2,961,790.00, and a CO 2 output of 3,373 kg per year. The proposed system's legitimacy, as determined by the LCOE and the NPC, was confirmed by optimization analysis. Within a few years of the project's lifetime, the system is estimated to pay for itself completely. The evaluations yielded the best system configurations, hybrid system costs, fuel savings, and CO 2 emission reductions.

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of dietary supplementation of Aloe vera gel on production performance, dressing yield and hematological parameters of sonali chicken. Methods: A total number of 180 day old chicks were randomly assigned into five treatment groups namely (T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4) having three replication in each treatment group. Chicks were brooded upto 7 days then randomly separated into pen upto 8 weeks. Each treatment group contains 36 birds whereas each replication contain 12 birds. Experimental birds in T2, T3 and T4 were provided aloe vera gel @ 7.5,15, and 22.5 gm per litre drinking water while T0 was provided only plain water and T1 provided 1ml amino plus per litre water those were maintained as control group. Results: The study indicated that final live weight gain and feed efficiency of birds was significantly (p<0.05) higher that received @22.5gm/L aloe vera gel compared to control T0 while insignificant in commercial growth promoter group. This result also indicated that body weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency were increased along with increasing dose of aloe vera gel. In meat yield parameters there were no significant difference among the treatment group except breast meat weight. Blood parameters (RBC, PCV, Hb and Total WBC) showed significant (p<0.05) difference among the treatment groups except the total white blood cells (WBC) count. Aloe vera treated group T4 showed the lowest feed cost while untreated group showed the highest price.