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The development of textile industry in Indonesia has been increasing rapidly. The vast and continuous development of the textile industry results in an evitable increase of wastewater. One of the wastewater ingredients that difficult to be treated is dye. Dye is a pollutant with complex aromatic structure that is difficult to degrade. There are many dyes could be used, however, methylene blue is mostly used. To treat MB, several treatment methods are available. Among the methods, adsorption has been widely applied, due to its simplicity and effectiveness. In this research, nano crystal cellulose (NCC), which has a large surface area dan better mechanical properties, was prepared from the oil palm trunk and it was proposed to adsorb the methylene blue. Briefly, the process of making NCC as a biosorbent consists of the raw material pretreatment, alkaline treatment, bleaching, hydrolysis, and sonication steps. Alkaline treatment plays an important role for extracting hemicellulose, lignin and other extractive substances, so that NCC is expected to have high cellulose purity. The alkaline treatment was conducted by extraction methode using NaOH at 80 °C for 2 hours. The result showed that the percent of removal of hemicellulose dan lignin were 50.0, 55.6, and 51.73 % for NaOH concentration of 3, 4, and 5 % (w/v) respectively. This result was also supported by the result of FTIR spectra analysis on each corresponding sample. Based on these data, it can be confirmed that the optimum NaOH concentration for alkaline treatment of oil palm trunk is 4 % (w/v). Furthermore, adsorption test of NCC using methylene blue solution gave percent removal of methylene blue in the range of 69.46-72.51%.

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The adsorption kinetic study of methylene blue using nano-crystal cellulose made from oil palm trunk was investigated. A sample of 0.08 g of nano-crystal cellulose was used to adsorb 300 mL of methylene blue solution, with a varied stirring speed at 100, 200, and 300 rpm. Meanwhile, the concentration of methylene blue was varied at 1, 2, and 3 mg/L. The experimental results showed that the range of adsorption rate constant was 0.0007–0.0130 m/min. For the thermodynamic study, adsorption temperature was varied at 303, 308, 313, and 318 K. The adsorption capacity values for such temperatures were 10.3389, 10.3802, 10.3614, and 10.3464 mg/g, respectively. It was found that ΔH° value of 0.00742 kJ/mol, ΔS° of 0.7758 kJ/mol K and ΔG° value of −242.81 kJ/mol. Based on the curve-fitting using the Henry, Langmuir, and Freundlich isotherm models, this adsorption tended to the Langmuir isotherm model, where the adsorption formed a monolayer covering the surface of the adsorbent. It was also found that the Langmuir affinity constant (KL) value was 4.560 L/mg, and the maximum adsorption capacity (qm) was 8.590 mg/g.