Superconducting power cables represent a recent innovative development for highcapacity underground transmission. Their promise lies principally in their high efficiency associated with a small size and with potential advantages in terms of environmental impact. Within the BEST PATHS European project, the DEMO 5 demonstrator aims to illustrate the technological maturity of superconducting HVDC links for operation in the grid. At the same time, this demonstrator is also a first attempt to employ MgB 2 as a superconductor for HVDC cables. More concretely, DEMO 5 aims to develop a monopole superconducting cable designed to operate in helium gas at 10 kA and 320 kV, corresponding to a transferred power of up to 3.2 GW. The project is coordinated by leading cable manufacturer Nexans and encompasses expertise from transmission system operators, industry, and research organizations. Thus, in addition to the design, development, optimization, manufacturing and testing activities, special attention will be devoted to studying the integration of a superconducting link into the future transmission grid and to assessing the availability and economic viability of the system. An overview of the project will be presented at the meeting, including the main tasks and challenges ahead as well as preliminary results after one year of activity.
River restoration and management practice promotes the (re)introduction of large woody debris (LWD) to support ecosystem services in lowland streams, such as the buffering of thermal extremes or enhanced nutrient attenuation. However, influences of LWD on spatial patterns and temporal dynamics of groundwater–surface water exchange fluxes, sediment transport and deposition, biogeochemical cycling, thermal patterns, and ecohydrological process dynamics are not yet fully understood.This study reviews research on the implications of interacting hydrodynamic and hydrostatic forcings on different types of LWD structures and their consequences for streambed residence time distributions, thermal conditions, and biogeochemical cycling. It analyzes the implications of LWD on structural heterogeneity in physical and chemical properties of lowland river streambed and provides an outlook of how enhanced nutrient loading of agricultural lowland rivers can be ameliorated by LWD‐induced increase of biogeochemical turnover. Based on the analysis of the potential implications of different LWD structures, this study highlights how imminent research gaps can be overcome by integrating novel experimental and modeling technologies across traditional subject boundaries in order to provide robust scientific evidence of the efficiency of LWD in river restoration and management.
This article is categorized under:
Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
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