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ABSTRAKSebuah agensi global, WeAreSocial melansir jumlah pengguna internet di Indonesia yang mencapai 150 juta jiwa di awal tahun 2019. Kehadiran internet yang mulanya hanya dianggap sebagai medium pengantar pesan, menjadi semakin kompleks ketika publik menggunakan Internet sebagai ruang alternatif dalam menyampaikan gagasan (Dahlberg, 2001). Kemajuan Internet seolah mampu menciptakan ruang politik yang tanpa sekat, tanpa pengawasan. Beberapa gerakan kolektif yang lahir dari aktifnya pengguna internet di Indonesia antara lain Aksi Koin Peduli Prita, Aksi Bela Islam (212, 411), dan Aksi Bali Tolak Reklamasi. Sedangkan di belahan dunia lain, kemenangan Donald Trump sebagai Presiden ke-45 Amerika Serikat seolah menujukkan bahwa internet dan media sosial juga memiliki wajah buruk yang dapat mencederai demokrasi. Fenomena tersebut menunjukkan bahwa Internet dan media sosial mampu menciptakan cara baru berpartisipasi dalam politik. Dengan hadirnya Internet, berbagai informasi politik, sosialisasi politik, kampanye politik, hingga protes politik dapat dipublikasikan dan dipertukarkan dengan waktu yang lebih cepat. Selain itu, kemampuan Internet dalam membangun komunikasi dua arah menjadikan partisipasi politik tidak harus hadir secara fisik dalam debat terbuka politisi atau demonstrasi di jalan. Melalui gagasan ruang publik Jurgen Habermas, penulis mencoba untuk menelusuri dan mengungkapkan bagaimana peran dan masa depan pengguna Internet dalam logika demokrasi digital di Indonesia. Beberapa contoh kasus di Indonesia maupun internasional disajikan sebagai objek studi yang bekerja dengan metode kualitatif. Pengumpulan data berupa observasi dan studi pustaka diharapkan dapat menyajikan ilustrasi komprehensif bagaimana potret pengguna Internet di Indonesia. Untuk lebih memudahkan analisis kasus yang disajikan, peneliti meminjam gagasan Diana Saco tentang demokrasi digital. Hasil penelitian diarahkan pada bagaimana gagasan Habermas dan Saco dapat menjelaskan fenomena politik kontemporer di Indonesia dengan memfokuskan pada keaktifan subjek yang bebas dan konsepsi ruang publik deliberatif. Kata kunci: ruang publik, demokrasi digital, partisipasi politik, politik deliberatif, Internet Abstract A global agency, WeAreSocial launched the number of internet users in Indonesia which reached 150 million in early 2019. The presence of the internet which was originally only regarded as a

Universities around Indonesia are currently adopting online lectures to keep the learning process running in the face of the COVID-19 outbreak. Online courses, thanks to the rapid advancement of ICT, allow students and lecturers to interact despite the stay-at-home policy. Because of its flexibility and modern lifestyle, this method is likely to continue to be used in the future. Therefore, this study examines the benefits and disadvantages of online learning and understands students' expectations. With a total sample of 226 undergraduate students from four cities and seven universities in Indonesia, this research uses a descriptive survey design. The data collection technique was an online survey using Google Forms during May and June 2021. The results showed that most students viewed online learning during the pandemic as going well, although some students felt that their academic needs were not being met. Students find benefits of online learning, such as flexibility, cost savings, and increased confidence in engaging in discussions. However, the respondents identified a number of obstacles to achieve the ideal learning process, including low signal quality, limited laboratory practices, and high internet network expenses. Students reported certain disadvantages of online learning, such as limited interaction, irregular class schedules, and a high number of assignments. This study also found that most students lose their concentration easily. They also multitask during synchronous learning, where the side activities are mostly academically unrelated (e.g., doing daily activities, scrolling through social media, driving, and watching movies). From the data gathered, it is important for lecturers and universities to consider the reduction in assignments, meeting frequency, and duration of online learning to maintain students’ motivation and concentration   Keywords: Covid-19, higher education, Indonesia, online learning, undergraduate students

This article aims at the ability of teachers who are digital immigrants to use digital technology during their learning at home during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research was quantitative research in the form of descriptive statistics using survey methods in data collection. The survey was given to 139 high school teachers who live in Java. The validity of the research instrument was tested by using the product-moment correlation test. While the reliability of the research instrument was tested utilizing the Cronbach Alpha reliability test, the result of this study is that high school teachers have a high level of use of digital technology. Besides, it was also found that age affects the ability to use technology. The higher the teacher's age, the lower their ability to use digital technology. Meanwhile, the lower the age, the higher the individual can use digital technology. When teachers have a high level of use of digital technology, it is hoped that learning activities at home can run optimally. Apart from the level of the teacher's technology skills, of course, other aspects make learning activities at home optimal. These other aspects also need to be develop.

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