Pumping system analysis can be used together with a decision support system to provide information for efficient pumping system operation or system refurbishment and upgrading. The actual operation condition of the water supply system needs to be ascertained. This paper will share experience by the authors in determining the actual pump performance through measurement of flow and pressure in the system. The incremental increase in pressure is achieved by varying head loss induced to the system by valve throttling. Integrating the Bernoulli's principles of the geodetic, static and dynamic energy, and input power data will enable the analysis of energy input and output and hence arriving to pump efficiency values. This method offers the most accurate operation conditions for refurbishment systems to endure. The on-site measurements will allow the determination of the averaged actual friction coefficient which includes the effect of system deterioration and fittings conditions. This information will be used to determine the expected duty point of an upgrading system more precisely. The study highlighted the actual pump operating efficiencies for an old pumping system installation.

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is a tertiary method to extract potential oil in a matured well. Emulsion, which is one EOR method has properties which enable it to recover oil remains in reservoir rocks of the matured well. Nano sized emulsion or nano emulsion able to recover trapped oil, by capillary force in fine pores of the reservoir rock. Nano emulsion reduces the oil-water interfacial tension and therefore changes the wettability of the reservoir rock. However, the nano emulsion is uneconomical and unstable. Therefore, this work aimed to produce nano emulsions by using low cost waste cooking oil, Tween 80 and Span 80. Ultra-sonication was used to reduce the size of the emulsion. The concentration of surfactant, power of ultra-sonication and time of sonication were varied to study the stability of the oil-in-water and size of the emulsion using the Malvern Zetasizer. The nano emulsion was then tested on a crude oil soak meligan formation sand rock to test the performance of the nano emulsion. The result show values of zeta potential and droplet size were - 15.3 mV and 262.1 d.nm respectively. The emulsion droplet sizes were about 500 nm with milky white appearance. The nano emulsion shows positive results as 63.89 % crude oil displaced from the soaked meligan formation sand rock. As a conclusion, the nano emulsion produced from waste cooking oil can potentially be used for EOR.