BACKGROUNDEndotracheal intubation is considered gold standard in patients undergoing general anaesthesia. Direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation result in an increase in blood pressure and heart rate, the so called 'pressor response'. Various techniques and drugs have been used in the past to attenuate the pressor response, however none has been proved to be ideal. We conducted this study to compare any possible blunting of cardiovascular effects of laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation by the use of 150 mg pregabalin or 200mcg clonidine with the group that did not receive any of the two drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS90 ASA Grade 1 and 2 patients aged 18-60 years of both genders were recruited for the study with 30 patients in each group. Group A -Received oral pregabalin 150 mg with sip of water 120 min before the surgery. Group B -Received oral clonidine 200 mcg with sip of water 120 min prior to surgery. Group C -Oral placebo (multivitamin) with sip of water 120 min prior to surgery. On arrival in the operating room, HR, SBP, DBP, MAP were recorded at baseline, after induction, 1-, 3-, 5-and 10-mins after laryngoscopy and intubation. RESULTSIn this study, there was a significant reduction in HR, SBP, DBP, MAP after laryngoscopy and intubation in pregabalin and clonidine group in comparison to control group. Oral premedication with pregabalin as well as clonidine attenuates the haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation with clonidine being superior to pregabalin.

anufacturing defects of endotracheal tubes (ETTs) are well-known during anesthetic procedure [1,2]. Pre-anesthetic checkup of anesthesia equipment's, drugs, and machine helps to avert such mishappenings in the operation theatre. A blocked ETT can result in increase airway resistance, inadequate gas exchange, and ventilation. There are no substitutes for monitoring under anesthesia. Careful vigilance and continuous monitoring are the key to successful patient outcome and are recommended in all anesthetized patients but more in the extreme age groups like small children. Hajimohammadi et al. [1] and Shamse et al. [3] reported such ETT defects in the literature.A blockage of the ETT due to manufacturing defect is a rare phenomenon and often missed. Hence, we want to highlight the importance of equipment check before surgery. We, hereby, report the case of a blocked ETT defect in a 2-month-old child posted for massive abdominal teratoma.

BACKGROUNDPropofol causes pain or discomfort on injection in 28-90% of patients. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of small dose of thiopental (0.5 mg/kg) for prevention of pain associated with propofol injection and compare its efficacy with that of 2% lidocaine (40 mg) after manual venous occlusion at the forearm 1 min. before injection of propofol.