An enrichment culture technique was used for the isolation of bacteria capable of utilizing fipronil as a sole source of carbon and energy. Based on morphological, biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA sequence, the bacterial strains were identified as Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Acinetobacter oleivorans. Biodegradation experiments were conducted in loamy sand soil samples fortified with fipronil (50 µg kg(-1)) and inoculated with Acinetobacter sp. cells (45 × 10(7) CFU mL(-1)) for 90 days. Soil samples were periodically analyzed by gas liquid chromatography equipped with electron capture detector. Biodegradation of fipronil fitted well with the pseudo first-order kinetics, with rate constant value between 0.041 and 0.051 days(-1). In pot experiments, fipronil and its metabolites fipronil sulfide, fipronil sulfone and fipronil amide were found below quantifiable limit in soil and root, shoot and leaves of Zea mays. These results demonstrated that A. calcoaceticus and A. oleivorans may serve as promising strains in the bioremediation of fipronil-contaminated soils.

Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin antibiotics are widely used in chicken production for prophylaxis and therapeutics purposes. Existence of these antibiotic residues in chicken meat can pose hazards to human health. The present study was aimed to assess the residue level of these antibiotics in chicken meat. Chicken meat samples (including muscle, liver, kidney and fat) from poultry farms and retail market were collected. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used for screening of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin residues in chicken meat samples. The analysis revealed that 43.58% meat samples were positive for enrofloxacin and 38.71% for ciprofloxacin residues. Out of it, 45.17% samples were having concentration above the MRL for enrofloxacin and 50.28% for ciprofloxacin. So it can be concluded that the usage of these antimicrobial in chicken lead contamination of meat and it may cause resistance in consumers and seems to be a public health threat.

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Microencapsulation is a technique that uses a coating to encapsulate microscopic particles or droplets in order to generate miniature capsules with therapeutic properties. The substance contained within the microcapsule is referred to as the core, internal phase, or fill, whereas the wall is referred to as a shell, coating, or membrane. A microcapsule is a small object that contains essential items, internal components, or fillers and is encased by a shell, cover, or membrane. Microcapsules range in size from 1 to 1000 micrometres. This approach is frequently used for medication administration, molecular protection, and robustness. The microencapsulation programme has been established as a different delivery mechanism for multiple treatment regimens and offers potential benefits beyond those of normal medication delivery systems. Microencapsulation is a well-established review dedicated to the preparation, properties, and applications of individually encapsulated novel small particles, as well as significant improvements to tried-and-tested techniques relevant to micro and nano particles and their use in a wide range of industrial, engineering, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and research applications. Its scope extends beyond conventional microcapsules to all other small particulate systems, such as self-assembling structures that involve preparative manipulation.