The surgical safety checklist (SSCL), developed by the World Health Organization, is widely implemented by surgical staff for the improvement of their communication, teamwork, and safety culture in the operating room. However, there is no research available addressing the question of how surgical patients perceive the implementation of the SSCL. In order to address this issue, a questionnaire-based preliminary study was conducted for patients who had undergone elective Cesarean section under awake regional anesthesia. Although most participants had not been informed about the implementation of the SSCL before surgery, all of the patients were aware that the SSCL had been performed in the operating room. Over 80% of patients answered that the implementation of the SSCL could help to reduce their feelings of anxiety, tension, and fear, as well as enhance their feeling of security. Furthermore, most patients answered that they were able to understand the components as well as the purpose of the SSCL, and considered that the SSCL should be implemented. These results suggest that awake patients undergoing Cesarean section perceive the implementation of the SSCL to be a highly positive aspect of their surgical care.

PURPOSE：The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing the stages of exercise behavior change in middle age, focusing on previous, social and psychological factors using qualitative methods. METHODS：Data were collected from a sample of forty people (18 men and 22 women) from 40 to 59 years old who live in Osaka and Hyogo. We conducted semi-structured interviews and fieldwork from November 2010 to September 2011. The hypothesis model, which consisted of previous, social and psychological factors influencing the stages of exercise behavior change, was verified. RESULTS：Stages of exercise behavior change in middle age were strongly influenced by human support, mainly in informal relationships such as exercise companions and family. The effect of the home was found in both the male and female samples. Work had a stronger influence on the male sample than the female sample. Some participants who practiced programs such as strength training or walking were resocialized to exercise and sports. These participants had not been satisfied with exercise and sports when they were in school, but they found satisfaction with new exercise and sports in adulthood. CONCLUSION：The socio-psychological factors in the middle age stage of life have an important meaning in resocialization to exercise and sports. Opportunities to get close to new exercise and sports are thought to be necessary for the adulthood life stage. This study suggests that a support system to continue exercise and sports based on continuous life stage connections is quite important.

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The purpose of this study is to examine how an individual's involvement in exercise and sports, including past experience, is related to age group for career patterns of sports participation (the experience of adherence, adoption, dropout and resumption) in adults. This study relies on secondary analysis data, derived from the 2018 Kansai Sports Monitoring Survey.The survey was conducted from December 6 to 10, 2018, using a web questionnaire, which remained open for participation until the total number of responses reached 10,000. The subjects analyzed in this study were (1) basic attributes; (2) sports involvement status, past and present; and (3) experience in career patterns of sports participation over the past year.Respondents were classified into three age groups: 18-29, 30-49, and 50 and older. First, for each of the four career groups, cross tabulation and chi-squared tests were conducted to examine the relationship between the age groups and each factor. Second, a multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed using significant items derived from the chi-squared test as explanatory variables and the three age groups as objective variables. The results indicate that there are differences by career in the relationship between age group and the status of sports involvement. Furthermore, in addition to youth experience, participation behaviors other than recent involvement in sports are related to the 50 and older for each career. It will be important to pay more attention to the relationship between sports-related activities other than participation in exercise and sports.