The effects of varying amounts of organically modified nanoclay (NC), calcium stearate (Ca.St.), stearic acid (St.Ac.), and an impact modifier (IM) on the fusion characteristics of a rigid Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) nanocompound were investigated by using the L9 orthogonal method of experimental design. The materials showed varying effects on the fusion parameters. Thus, while the fusion time was lowered and the fusion factor increased by NC, Ca.St., and IM, the reverse was true with St.Ac. Effects on the minimum and maximum viscosities of formulations also varied with material type. The behavior of the materials is discussed in terms of their effects on the transformation of PVC grains. Thermal stability and color change were sensitive to NC content. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers

The effect of varying mass temperature and screw speed on the fusion level and mechanical properties of a rigid PVC pipe produced by a twin‐screw extruder has been investigated. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and capillary rheometry have been used to determine pipe fusion levels. While yield stress was shown to be completely insensitive to fusion level, a very distinct maximum of falling weight and notched Charpy impact strengths and elongation at break was observed at moderate fusion level. Short‐term burst strength values increased with degree of fusion while hydrostatic internal pressure tests revealed optimum resistance for pipes of varying fusion level. The effect of processing temperature on fusion in the Brabender Plasticorder was also examined.

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The influence of the type and content of organically modified nanoclay (NC) and the amount of calcium stearate (Ca.St) on the fusion characteristics of a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) nanocomposite was studied by using response surface methodology. To interpret the fusion behavior, different PVC/NC compounds were prepared in a Plasticorder with a constant rotor speed of 60 rpm while keeping the processing time and temperature constant. The results revealed that introducing NC particles into the PVC compound resulted in an increase in the maximum torque (MAT), while the minimum torque (MIT) declined. On the contrary, both the MAT and MIT values slightly increased with increasing Ca.St content. It was also found that with increasing NC content, the fusion time increased and the fusion factor decreased, whereas increasing the Ca.St lowered the fusion time. Furthermore, the difference between the MIT and MAT values demonstrated multifarious behaviors depending on the material type. Ultimately, a correlation was established between the material characteristics and the fusion factor of the PVC nanocompounds. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 19:168‐176, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers

The effects of varying amounts of tribasic lead sulfate (TBLS), dibasic lead stearate (DBLS), neutral lead stearate (NLS), calcium stearate (Ca.St.), stearic acid (St.Ac.), and paraffin wax (PW) on the fusion properties of a rigid PVC formulation were investigated. The materials showed varying effects on fusion. Thus, fusion time was lowered and fusion factor increased by TBLS, DBLS, and Ca.St., while the reverse was true with NLS, St.Ac., and PW. The behavior of the materials is discussed in terms of their effects on the transformation of PVC grains.