Introduction: Disease and nonbattle injuries are common among deployed military forces and musculoskeletal disease is a leading burden of disease in military population. Consequently, military employees and veterans frequency need medical and surgical management for lumbar disc herniation. Because of considerable complications and long post operation rehabilitation period, minimal invasive procedures have substituted old techniques in many modern military hospitals. Case Presentation: In this study, the preliminary results of 30 operated cases with the full endoscopic lumbar disc herniectomy technique in a military hospital were presented for feasibility, complications and follow-up outcomes. Disc herniation was more frequent in left side, particularly in L5-S1 level. Three patients from the first 10 cases were converted to open surgery. No important complication was observed and all patients were pain free, had no complication after 1 and 2 months follow-up and returned to their work. Conclusions: We observed that the procedure is feasible and accompanied with an acceptable success rate, short hospital stay and very few perioperative and postoperative complications. It is an appropriate choice of treatment, even in combat region and moving hospitals and can reduce the morbidity of the disease.

: Donepezil hydrochloride is an acetylcholine esterase inhibitor studied and approved to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, this drug can have positive therapeutic potential in treating different conditions, including various neurodegenerative disorders such as other types of dementia, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, psychiatric and mood disorders, and even infectious diseases. Hence, this study reviewed the therapeutic potential of this drug in treating Alzheimer's and other diseases by reviewing the articles from databases including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, and Science Direct. It was shown that donepezil could affect the pathophysiology of these diseases via mechanisms such as increasing the concentration of acetylcholine, modulating local and systemic inflammatory processes, affecting acetylcholine receptors like nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, and activating various cellular signaling via receptors like sigma-1 receptors. Despite many therapeutic potentials, this drug has not yet been approved for treating non-Alzheimer's diseases, and more comprehensive studies are needed.

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can affect the nervous system and result in neurological symptoms. The most common feature of central nervous system involvement is hypoxia and congestion. This study aimed to evaluate the histopathology of cerebral tissue in deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: In a case series study, we took cerebral samples of 30 deceased patients with COVID-19 through supraorbital bone from January to May 2021. The samples were fixed in a formalin solution, stained with haematoxylin–eosin dyes and studied by two expert pathologists. The Ethics Committee of AJA University of Medical Sciences approved this study with code IR.AJAUMS.REC.1399.030. Results: The mean age of the patients was 73.8 years, and the most common underlying disease was hypertension. Cerebral tissue samples showed hypoxic–ischaemic changes in 28 (93.3%), microhaemorrhage in six (20%), lymphocytic infiltration in five (16.7%) and thrombosis in three samples (10%). Conclusion: Hypoxic–ischaemic change was the most common neuropathology in our patient. Our study showed that many patients with severe COVID-19 may develop central nervous system involvement.