The aim of this study is to assess the in vivo hemostatic effect of Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) on rats using a tail bleeding model. Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups of 9 each: group 1, control, no pretreatment, irrigated with saline; group 2, no pretreatment, irrigated with ABS; group 3, control, heparin pretreatment, irrigated with saline; and group 4, heparin pretreatment, irrigated with ABS. To control bleeding, compressive dressings were placed after instilling 1 mL of either ABS or saline to the bleeding area. Without heparin pretreatment, ABS shortened hemostasis time by 1.57 minutes and reduced the amount of bleeding by 0.85 g. With heparin pretreatment, ABS shortened hemostasis time by 3.29 minutes and reduced the amount of bleeding by 1.32 g. The ABS was more effective than saline irrigation for treating tail tip bleeding in rats, with or without heparin pretreatment, while also using a compressive dressing.

Porcupines are rodents, and their body is covered with hard bristles. Porcupines live in Asia, Africa, and Mediterranean countries, as well as in the Mediterranean and South East Anatolian regions of Turkey (1). Although there are many injuries reported in animals, only a small number of injuries have been reported for humans in the literature (2). Very few cases were found about human injury (3,4). In this paper we report two cases of porcupine quill injuries in humans. Case ReportsCase 1: A 17 year-old male patient was admitted to our emergency department after a porcupine attack. A quill pricked on his foot while he was walking on land (Figure 1). The quill was approximately in 3 cm deep at the dorsum of the foot in the physical examination. We removed the quill. Dressing and tetanus vaccine was performed. Cephalexin was prescribed orally 1 g twice/ day and the patient discharged. No complication occurred in the follow-up. Case 2: A 5 year-old girl was brought to the emergency department by her parents. While she was playing with a porcupine quill, it penetrated the periumblical area of her abdomen when she fell on it (Figure 2). Her general condition was moderate and she was conscious. Her blood pressure was 110/70 mmHg and pulse rate was 115/min. Hemogram and other biochemical parameters were in the normal range. Abdominal contrast Computed Tomography (CT) indicated that a foreign body penetrated the stomach. The patient underwent emergency surgery. The surgeon reported that the porcupine quill had penetrated the anterior and posterior gastric wall, and also caused a capsule defect on the second segment of liver (Figure 3). The defects were repaired successfully and a drain was left in the abdomen. The patient was treated with ampicillin intravenously (IV) 400 mg 49 ABSTRACT Introduction: Injury is a common reason for admission to the emergency department, but injuries which are caused by a part of a wild animal are extremely rare. Porcupinesare rodents that live in Asia, Africa, and Mediterranean countries, as well as inthe Mediterranean and South East Anatolian regionsof Turkey. Although there are many injuries reported in animals, only a small number of injuries have been reported for humans in the literature. Case Report: We report two cases of porcupine quill injuries. One case is a 17 year old boy and the other is a 5 year old girl. The quill was approximately in 3 cm deep at the dorsum of the foot in the physical examination of the boy. In the second case, while she was playing with porcupine quill, it penetrated the periumblical area of her abdomen when she fell on it. Conclusion: Porcupine quill spikes cause serious penetrating injury in areas where humans live and hunt. Therefore, porcupine arrows should be considered as cutting tools, and thus should be stored in a protected place. Porcupine arrows in a random environment may cause dangerous injury which is presented in our study.

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Chilaiditi syndrome, an hepatodiaphragmatic interposition of the colon, is a rare radiological finding in the normal population.Chilaiditi syndrome is more frequently seen in adults, people with chronic lung disease, multiparous women and asthenic people. Bowel loops are located between the diaphragm and liver and most of the cases are diagnosed incidentally. Clinically, mild abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, chest pain, symptoms such as shortness of breath may occur. In this study we aimed to present a 26 year old woman with abdominal pain of two months duration. The patient's complaint was relieved with symptomatic treatment, and assessed as Chilaiditi syndrome. Because of the rarity of this syndrome, and the typical radiological findings, we aimed to present this case.