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Lower urinary tract symptoms are commonly seen among pregnant women and these symptoms negatively affect the quality of life of pregnant women. Advanced age, smoking and multiparity were risk factors associated with urinary incontinence and LUTS. Obstetricians should be on the lookout for individual urological problems in pregnancy. Resolving any urological issues and cessation of smoking for the affected individuals will help alleviate the problem.

In this study, we compared psychiatric symptoms, quality of life and disability in patients with pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS). Forty-nine women with PMDD were compared with 43 women with PMS. All participants were asked to complete a socio-demographic data collection form, a Brief Disability Questionnaire, a medical study short form-36 (SF-36) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) forms. The patients with PMDD had higher HAD-A and HAD-D scores than the patients in PMS group (p < 0.01). No statistically significant differences were found on brief disability between two groups (p > 0.05), but both groups had medium level of brief disability. The PMDD group had a lower SF-36 scoring than the PMS group in every compared parameters (p < 0.01). PMS and PMDD may lead to brief disability, and PMDD may cause loss of quality of life and psychological problems. The evaluation of patients with PMS and PMDD pre-menstrual disorders should be more detailed.

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We aimed to show to patients the benefit of post-partum haemorrhage prophylaxis treatment and the effectiveness as a uterotonic agent of the combined use of methylergonovine and oxytocin infusion in the prevention of haemorrhage during and after Caesarean section, by comparison with a control group which received oxytocin infusion only. Two groups of patients undergoing Caesarean section at the same clinic were included in the study. A combination of methylergonovine and oxytocin was administered to the first group during the intra-operative and post-operative periods. The second group did not receive methylergonovine and was administered only with oxytocin infusion in the intra-operative and post-operative periods. Pre-operative and post-operative haemogram readings were taken for all patients in each of the groups for comparison. No difference was found between the two groups with regard to mean ages and pre-operative haemogram values. The decrease in post-operative haemoglobin values for the group administered with methylergonovine maleate and oxytocin was found to be significantly greater than for the group administered with oxytocin only. Results indicated that prophylactic methylergonovine treatment was clearly successful for the patients and no adverse side effects were found. The routine use of methylergonovine and oxytocin infusion in combination during the intra-operative period of Caesarean section reduced the level of post-partum haemorrhage considerably. We believe that this procedure will also reduce the risk of uterine atony, but clearly, prospective studies will be necessary in future to confirm this assumption.In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number of Caesarean sections carried out. This can be attributed largely to the rise in the rate of primary elective Caesarean section. In turn, this has led to a higher frequency of placenta previa, uterine atony and post-partum haemorrhage.The increased prevalence of post-partum haemorrhage across the world is of particular concern as it is widely recognized as a major contributor to maternal mortality. Studies have estimated that post-partum haemorrhage might account for as much as 30% of maternal mortality and its incidence all over the world ranged from 2 to 11% of all childbirths [1,2]. The frequency of post-partum haemorrhage was found to be higher in underdeveloped regions such as Africa, Asia and Latin America [3]. The currently accepted definition is to consider post-partum haemorrhage as blood loss of more than 500 mL whatever the type of delivery and severity as blood loss beyond 1000 mL [4]. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists adjudged that a decrease in haematocrit at a rate of 10% or more constituted post-partum haemorrhage [5].Although haemoglobin and haematocrit levels are valuable diagnostic tools in identifying haemorrhage, they can be misleading in the determination of acute bleeding. Therefore, follow-up of a patient's vital signs, together with checks of haemoglobin and haematocrit...