A new series of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles derivatives was synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for their in vitro and in vivo anti-thrombotic activity. Compounds (3a–3i) exhibited significant clot lysis with respect to reference drug streptokinase (30,000 IU), and enhanced clotting time (CT) values (130–342 s) than heparin (110 s). High affinity towards 1NFY with greater docking score was observed for the compounds (3a, 3i, 3e, 3d, and 3h) than the control ligand RPR200095. In addition, impressive inhibitory potential against factor Xa (F-Xa) was observed with higher docking scores (5612–6270) with Atomic Contact Energy (ACE) values (−189.68 to −352.28 kcal/mol) than the control ligand RPR200095 (Docking score 5192; ACE −197.81 kcal/mol). In vitro, in vivo, and in silico results proposed that these newly synthesized compounds might be used as anticoagulant agents.

Fish is a fundamentally healthy food, loaded with essential nutrients, high protein content, vitamin D, and omega-three fatty acid. Mislabeling is a common problem in the fish industry that causes an imbalance in prices and fluctuation in the market. DNA barcoding is a potential technique for authentication of mislabeled and misidentified fish species. In this study, 11 freshwater and 6 marine fish species were used for DNA barcoding and further authentication using the mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene. Cyt b was amplified using PCR, producing an average read length of 1,141 bp. The obtained sequences were compared to the National Center for Biotechnology Information database (NCBI) using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). The average AT content (55.20%) was higher than the average GC content (44.78%) in marine and freshwater fish species. The mean genetic Kimura 2-parameter distances for species, genus, families, and orders were 0.311, 0.308, 0.023, and 0.337, respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that most of the freshwater fish species clustered together due to the fact that they were in the same order or family, while the marine fish species clustered distantly. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis of all species in the study revealed distinct features regarding unique sites. All fish species could be identified based on their unique SNP profiles. Based on SNP data, DNA sequence based QR codes were developed for accurate identification of fish species. This is the first study to develop DNA-based QR barcodes for proper authentication of species during the chain of custody using simple technology.

No abstract

Heterocyclic compounds are the largest and most versatile class of organic compounds. Plants produce valuable heterocyclic substances called phytohormones to carry out the growth process. They control the growth or other physiological functions. Both hormones and vitamins are generally referred as plant growth regulators. Aromatic compounds having lactone ring are called coumarin. Coumarin is one of the most important natural substances in plants and is referred to as anti-auxins, as these compounds are considered to play an essential role in plants growth as well as defense.