The results suggest that adjuvant treatment with zinc accelerates recovery from severe pneumonia in young children and significantly reduces the duration of hospital stay. Further studies are required to develop appropriate recommendations for the use of zinc in the treatment of severe pneumonia in other populations.

This study determined the level of immunity after MMR vaccination in 18 months and 6 years old children.Background: Mumps, measles and rubella viruses lead to various kinds of complications such as meningoencephalitis, deafness, congenital abnormalities and even cause mortality in malnourished patients,. Since 2004, MMR vaccination in two series of one year of age and four to six years has been administered to Iranian children as a part of routine vaccination program. Recently, MMR vaccination schedule has been changed to one year and 18 months series. Objectives: Since MMR vaccine has been recently entered childhood vaccination program, this study was performed to determine immunity response against mumps, measles and rubella six months after one year and four to six years of age vaccination. Patients and Methods:In a cross-sectional study, antibody titers after MMR vaccination at 18 months (six months after dose of one year) in 70 children, and at 6.5 years (six month after dose of six years) in 90 children referred to Ahvaz Abuzar Children's Hospital Vaccination Clinic during 2007-2008 were detected by ELISA method. Results: In 70 children (34 boys and 36 girls) who were vaccinated at one year, 30 (42.9 %) had antibody against measles, 63 (90 %) against rubella and 41 (58.6 %) against mumps. In 90 children (54 boys and 36 girls at 6.5 years of age (six months after vaccination), 41 (45.6%) children had antibody against measles, 79 (87.8 %) against rubella and 69 (76.7%) against mumps. Conclusions: the results of this study showed that after MMR vaccination, the level of antibody for measles was about 45 % and for mumps about 50-80 %. This level of immunity is not acceptable for successful vaccination. while the level of antibody against rubella was sufficient. For better evaluation of MMR vaccination, further studies and from other parts of the country is needed.

BACKGROUND Celiac disease is a glutten induced enteropathy. Some authors recommended screening celiac in children with constipation. There are studies to evaluate celiac disease in children with constipation. But most of them included children regardless to treatment failure. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate frequency of elevated anti TTG in children with constipation after failure to improve during 6 week of appropriate treatment of constipation. METHODS In this cross sectional study, 550 children with prolonged constipation were included. Place of study was Pediatric Gastroenterology clinic of Abuzar children’s hospital. Prolonged constipation was defined as a constipation which failed to resolved after 6 weeks of appropriate treatment. Constipation was defined according to ROME III criteria. After parental agreement, 5 mL of blood was obtained. Serum anti TTG level was measure using ELISA method by Orientec kit. Anti TTG>10 was considered positive if IgA was normal. SPSS version 16.0 (Chicago, IL, USA) was used for data analysis. Chi square, t-test, and Mann Whitney test used for data analysis. RESULTS In this study 550 children (m=277, f=273) were included. Mean age of the cases was 6.8±2.9 year. Anti TTG antibody level was 5.8±2.8 unit/mL. Of these case, 42 (7.6%) had positive anti-TTG antibody. Celiac disease was confirmed in 40 cases after histopathology examination. CONCLUSION Anti-TTG was positive in 7.6% children with chronic constipation who failed to respond after 6 week of treatment. Another multicenter study with longer follow up period is recommended.

Congenital chloride diarrhea of infancy is a life threatening disease. We discuss two boys with congenital chloride diarrhea over a long time period before and after kidney transplantation. In the first case, prenatal sonography revealed polyhydramnios and generalized bowel loop distention. The genetic study confirmed congenital chloride diarrhea of infancy. Multiple episodes of severe dehydration, hyponatremia and acute tubular necrosis were seen during the follow up period. He underwent a year of hemodialysis before kidney transplantation. Three periods of improvement concerning diarrhea occurred with the use of corticosteroids, taken for other reasons. These improvements were seen after prednisolone administration for mastoiditis and following prednisolone administration for kidney transplantation. The second case was a 3.5 year old boy who is the cousin of the first case. He was referred to hospital with chronic watery diarrhea, metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia, hyponatremia and failure to thrive in the first year of life. He was also treated with prednisolone and showed significant improvement.

Aim of the study: We aimed to determine the causes of poisoning with addictive agents (narcotics, stimulants, alcohol) among children admitted to Abouzar Hospital from 2016-2019. Material and methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study which had conducted on 424 children those were poisoned with narcotics, stimulants and alcohol referred to Abouzar Hospital in Ahvaz city during 2016-2019. After we took permission of Ethics Committee of the University of Medical Sciences, the researcher referred to Abuzar Hospital to identified the eligible children criteria, and collected all the required information using a checklist. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS ver. 24 and p-value < 0.05 was considered as the significance level. Results: A total of 245 (57.8%) of participants were boys. Alcohol, tramadol, opium, crystal, methadone, and heroin poisoning accounted for 12 (2.8%), 2 (0.5), 178 (42%), 34 (8%), 194 (45.8%), and 4 (0.9%) of cases, respectively. A total of 276 people (65.1%) aged less than 3 years old, 414 people (97.6%) lived in the city, and 404 people (95.3%) had no previous history of poisoning. The poisoning occurs at night in 276 (65.1%) of cases and accidental poisoning accounted for 258 (60.8) of cases. Children had access to addictive agents through their parents (both parents) in 144 (34%) of cases. A total of 272 patients (64.2%) discharged and 11 patients (2.6%) died. There was no significant relationship between the cause of poisoning with sex, year and month of referral, place of residence and history and time of poisoning (p > 0.05), but there was a significant relationship between the cause of poisoning with age, type and outcome of poisoning and access (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Finding has suggested that appropriate information be provided to parents and inform them of the dangers of poisoning with additive agents among their children.