Antioxidant activity of Peucedanum pastinacifolium Boiss. & Hausskn aerial part hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) and polyphenolic extract (PPE) as well as their total phenolic and flavonoid contents were studied. Phenolic and flavonoid contents were respectively estimated as gallic acid and quercetin equivalents. The in vitro antioxidant activity of two extracts of P. pastinacifolium were evaluated by radical scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), chelating activity on ferrous ions, or ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. In addition, the in vivo antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extract was measured by FRAP assay. Total phenolic contents of PPE and HAE were 117.1 ± 6.2 and 44.3 ± 1.7 mg/g, respectively. Total flavonoid content of PPE (43.4 ± 2.1 mg/g) was found to be higher than that of HAE (8.0 ± 1.5 mg/g). In DPPH radical scavenging assay, HAE and PPE showed fifty percent inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 469.4 ± 9.3 μg/mL and 128.2 ± 5.5 μg/mL, respectively. Iron chelating activity assays indicated IC50 values of 657.5 ± 13.2 μg/mL and 735.4 ± 16.1 μg/mL for HAE and PPE as opposed to ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) being 16.5 ± 0.8 μg/mL. PPE exhibited greater FRAP value (154.0 ± 1.8 μM) as compared with that of HAE being 69.3 ± 1.4 μM. In animal study, HAE showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in FRAP level when compared with that of control group. Our results showed that P. pastinacifolium possess antioxidant properties which most likely are exerted through free radical scavenging, chelating activity, and reducing power.

Introduction: Dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus are two important risk factors for coronary artery disease and stroke. Traditionally, herbal remedies like walnut were used to treat dyslipidemia. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of Juglans regia L. (J. regia L.) internal septum extract (ISE) on lipid profile of patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: After preparing hydroalcoholic ISE, Folin-Ciocalteau (FC) and AlCl3 colorimetric methods were used to determine total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), respectively. In a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial, 86 diabetic patients with dyslipidemia were randomly divided into equal groups and received ISE or placebo capsules 1500 mg/day for 12 weeks. Lipid profile, LFT, SCr, urea, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), weight, waist and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were determined at baseline and after 12 weeks. The paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test were performed to compare the differences within and among the groups, respectively. This study was registered in the Iranian registry of clinical trials (IRCT ID: IRCT20201227049850N1). Results: The Mean (SD) of TPC and TFC were measured based on 74.57 (5.20) milligram gallic acid equivalent/gram of dry extract (mg GAE/g DE) and 14.11 (2.73) mg quercetin equivalent/g of DE (mg QE/g DE), respectively. During the trial, 26 patients lost follow-up, and the study continued with remaining 60 patients. After intervention, there were no significant differences in LDL-C (p=0.44), total cholesterol (TC) (p=0.42), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p=0.99), triglyceride (TG) (p =0.32) and Lp(a) (p=0.55) between two groups. Moreover, no significant (p>0.05) changes were observed in HbA1c, LFT, SCr, urea, BP, weight, waist, and WHR among the groups after 12 weeks. Conclusion: Our findings showed J. regia L. ISE had no significant effect on lipid profile compared to placebo. Moreover, no adverse effect was observed on liver and kidney function tests.

Introduction: Optimal treatment of dyslipidemia is a top priority in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. For this purpose, clinicians in Iran usually refer to four current international guidelines. The aim of this study was to assess the approach of Iranian clinical pharmacists in the treatment of dyslipidemia based on international guidelines. Methods: A structured questionnaire was prepared. Questions (n=24) included the demographics (n=7), dyslipidemia references (n=3), dyslipidemia general knowledge of respondents (n=10), and questions (n=4) designed based on the difference among the latest version of guidelines participants stated they use in their practice. After validity conformation, the questionnaire was distributed to 120 clinical pharmacists, electronically from May to August 2021. Results: Response rate was 77.5% (n=93). The majority of participants (80.6%, n=75) claimed to have used the 2018 ACC/AHA guideline. The Median (interquartile range [IQR]) score of the general knowledge questions was 5.0 (2.0) out of 10. The Median (IQR) score of questions designed based on the difference among guidelines was calculated 3(1) out of 4. There was no significant (P=0.25) difference in score among participants according to their guideline selection. Moreover, the gender and length of experience as a clinical pharmacist had no significant (P>0.05) effect on the score of participants. Conclusion: In this study, Iranian clinical pharmacists answered half of the dyslipidemia general knowledge questions correctly. Also, Participants were up-to-date on 75% of the questions designed based on the latest version of the guideline they had been using in their practice.