The significance of critical thinking as one of the 21 st century skills makes the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture integrate Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) in the latest national curriculum. It requires teachers, as the curriculum implementers, facilitate students to be critical thinkers through the teaching and learning activities. Besides, the teachers need to have competence in developing HOTS -based questions in order to assess the students' HOTS. However, teachers' ability in this field is still disappointing. The aim of this study was to investigate the challenges faced by Indonesia English as Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in developing HOTSbased questions. The study employed qualitative method and made use of questionnaire to collect the data. The research participants were EFL teachers of secondary school level in some different regions in Indonesia. The findings showed that, despite the importance of HOTS, some factors were claimed as challenges for the teachers in developing HOTSbased questions, among others was the teachers' varied-perceptions towards HOTS. The challenges were classified into three aspects, namely teachers' aspect, teaching and learning aspects, and students' aspect. Hence, the conclusion was drawn to improve educational practice and as insights for educational stakeholders and policy makers.

This research aimed to propose multimodal-based English teaching through video for university students majoring in marketing management through project-based learning. Teaching English for university students are belonging to the field of English for Specific Purposes (ESP). It needs special treatments due to the fact that ESP students have different needs for English use for their future jobs, since the industrial revolution 4.0 typically affected the economic area. For presenting the research, the qualitative research design was employed. This research used interpretive analysis in the context of discourse analysis. The commercial advertisement video was analyzed in terms of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) and semiotic features of multimodal discourse analysis. The analysis results of the video show that semiotic features are more powerful than linguistics aspects in promoting goods well. The video is expectedly used to teach language for promotion to the university students, particularly in marketing management majors. The teaching-learning process would be guided by the use of project-based learning method so that the outcomes would be in the form of the promotional video which employs both linguistics and semiotic features.