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Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the first most frequent type of primary malignant brain tumors in adults. It is basically confined to the brain, and extracranial metastases (ECM) are rare. The genomic features of GBM with ECM are not fully elucidated.Case Description: Here, we present a case of a male patient with headache and left eye vision loss for 2 months who had a left occipital lobe tumor. GBM of grade IV [isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH-1) wild type] was diagnosed based on the histological profiles of intracranial tumor according to the World Health Organization standard. ECM of GBM located in the mediastinal lymph node occurred 6 months after resection of the intracranial tumor. High throughput gene sequencing was performed using ECM lesions.Mutated genes included tumor protein 53 (TP53), CUB and Sushi multiple domains 3 (CSMD3), poly(ADPribose) polymerase family member 4 (PARP4), and PTEN. The patient underwent surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and anti-angiogenic drug treatment. Unfortunately, the patient died 8 months after surgery.Conclusions: ECM of GBM is rare, and its prognosis is very poor. Mutated genes in ECM included TP53, CSMD3, PARP4, and PTEN in our case. Genomic analysis provides important insights into GBM and its ECM.

DNG slab waveguide without apparent uses of resonant structures. Any surface wave of a frequency outside the range and before the cutoff frequency of the next mode will be filtered out. In our case of d ϭ 5.0 mm, this means that any frequency falls between dc and 9.55 GHz or between 15 to 45 GHz (45 GHz is the cutoff frequency of the next mode, TE 2 ). The passband is ⌬f ϭ 5.45 GHz, which is quite broadband. With a regular dielectric slab, such a bandpass filtering behavior is not available (see Fig. 9). In addition, the dispersion curve for the TE 1 mode in the DNG slab has a negative slope (see Fig. 8), while the same mode in the regular slab waveguide has a positive slope (see Fig. 9). This is the result of the double-negative permittivity and permeability of the DNG slab, which cause the phase velocity to be anti-parallel to the Poynting vector S.Through comparisons of Figures 8 and 9, it can also be found that the propagation constant ␤ of the TM modes in the DNG slab waveguides are larger than those in the regular slab waveguide. Therefore, like their TM counterparts, the TE modes in the DNG slab travel slower than those in the regular dielectric slab. In addition, all the TE modes have cutoff frequencies. CONCLUSIONIn this paper, the surface-wave characteristics of a grounded DNG metamaterial slab waveguide have been studied. Field-dispersion characteristics were analytically derived for both the TM mode and the TE mode. The graphical-solution technique was used in order to shed some light on the behaviors of the surface waves. It was found that the TM and TE modes travel more slowly in the DNG slab waveguide than in the regular slab waveguide. Such a slowwave property may be utilized to design novel compact RF/ microwave devices, such as resonators and phase shifters.Furthermore, it was found that the first TE mode exhibits a bandpass filtering function that has also been found in another DNG slab structure [1]. This peculiar property of the DNG structure may allow the development of a novel small-size broadband bandpass filter without the use of resonant structures, which are relatively large in size. Recently, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has had tendency to equip the collision avoidance radar system (CARS) to avoid moving obstacles actively. A program held at Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) in Korea, so called, a smart UAV pursues to have health monitoring capability, real time robust datalink, collision awareness, and fully autonomous flight from takeoff to landing. As one of fundamental researches for the smart UAV, this paper investigates which antenna is suitable for a millimeter-wave CARS of the UAV. There are 4 candidates, horn, parabolic, cassegrain, and offset-cassegrain antennas to implement the CARS. With a very limited space in the UAV, geometric parameters of each antenna are calculated and compared. In addition, radiation patterns with these parameters are generated using Antech's simulator, FACE [1] and compared in the viewpoint of the sidelobe level since the sidelobe ser...