Gracilaria eucheumoides Linn (Gracilariaceae; G. eucheumoides) is abundant in dietary fiber, which aids the clearance of excess cholesterol from the blood and maintains stable blood glucose levels. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antifatigue effect of G. eucheumoides in mice and the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying this effect. Mice were randomly divided into four groups and three of the groups were administered different doses of G. eucheumoides extract. A loaded swimming test demonstrated that the swimming times of the low-, medium- and high-dose groups were longer than those of the control group. Examinations revealed that the liver and muscle glycogen, lactate dehydrogenase and blood glucose concentration levels of the treatment groups were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). However, this was not the case for lactic acid concentration (P>0.05). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that the gene expression levels of glucose transport protein 4 and AMP-activated protein kinase in the medium-dose group exhibited the largest increases, compared with the other treatment groups, and were 3.0- and 1.8-fold higher than those in the control group, respectively. The results of the present study indicated that G. eucheumoides exerts an antifatigue effect on mice.

The limestone collected from the Ji county of Tianjin was investigated in this study. The characterization of the limestone dissolution in wet FGD system is carried out by sulfuric acid titration. The results indicate that A lower PH value is benefit for the limestone dissolution, which causes high dissolution rate within short time. Smaller particle size results in higher dissolution rate. The addition of inorganic salt and organic acid significantly affect the limestone dissolution. The limestone dissolution rate increases with the increase of organic acid concentration. In all the inorganic salt, it is obvious that Na+ has an positive effect while CI- plays a negative role on the limestone dissolution. However, the addition of composite additive of adipic acid plus MgO to the limestone slurry is greatly better than using the adipic acid or MgO only.