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resin without montmorillonite, and the adsorption capacity increased along with the increasing amount of montmorillonite. The maximum adsorption capacity of quaternized chitosan/montmorillonite nanocomposite resin was 478.5 mg g −1 and the adsorption behavior could be well described by the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. Therefore, this study may provide a considerable and prospective material in the field of wastewater treatment.

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were synthesized rapidly in one pot via the Tollens reaction, in which quaternized chitosan (QCS) and rectorite (REC) acted as the reducing and stabilizing agent, while other chemical reducing and stabilizing agents and the surfactant were not included. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy results showed that spherical Ag NPs with uniform sizes were obtained, the layers of clay were peeled and thus exfoliated QCS/REC/Ag NP (QCRAg) nanocomposite was achieved. Moreover, Ag NPs dispersed well in the exfoliated nanocomposite matrix, some Ag NPs even entered into the interlayer of REC. QCRAg nanocomposites showed strong antimicrobial activity; the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration against Staphyloccocus aureus was only 0.0001% (w/v). The study reveals that the obtained QCRAg nanocomposites have great potential for biomedical applications.

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