This study aims to explore the characteristics of ultraviolet (UV) radiation over Dong Lake (DL) and Tai Lake (TL) in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and to develop an innovative model for UV estimation under all weather conditions. The characteristic analysis of UV radiation shows distinctly hourly and monthly variations at two typical sites. The maximum values can represent the hourly UV feature, and the median and the arithmetic mean values are reasonably similar with little difference for both stations. The monthly means of hourly UV radiation range from 25.68 to 70.07 kJ m -2 for DL and between 36.00 and 92.62 kJ m -2 for TL. The monthly mean hourly UV fractions vary from 3.79% to 4.93% at DL and between 4.57% and 5.94% at TL. Comparisons on the monthly mean hourly values of UV radiation and UV fraction, the values at TL are always greater than those at DL. An innovative model is constructed based on two input parameters, namely the effect of the comprehensive attenuation factors for assumed cloud-free conditions (CAF UVclear ) and the effect of the clouds (K g ). CAF UVclear is derived from empirical models based on relative optical air mass and ozone. The effectiveness of the presented model is demonstrated by comparing with other two estimation models. This innovative model presents values of RMSE better than two reported models either at local place or a different locality. It indicates that this new model can provide satisfactory estimates of UV radiation at different localities other than the local place of origin where the relationships are developed.

Because eManufacturing is motivated by the emerging need for distant collaborative design required among R&D centres and manufacturers of global-based enterprises, web-based product data management becomes an essential tool for realising the technology. In this paper, the design of a web-based product data management (WPDM) system is presented. The developed WPDM is aimed at achieving the goal of eManufacturing by providing an effective tool for product database management through the Internet utilising JAVA and J2EE technologies. In our scenarios, all the involved engineering and management team members who need WPDM are inherently located dispersedly. The ultimate goal is to optimise product cycle time and upgrade a traditional PDM system to face the challenge of the new era of global business competition. Basically, the proposed WPDM is developed in such a way that it allows designers/users to create, view and manipulate product data through the World Wide Web, while founding the architecture of the web application on a three-tier client/server system. The current WPDM of our design mainly uses servlets and JSP to handle user inputs and manage and retrieve product data from the database through the JDBC driver, with the server components stored on a middleware program called Tomcat. Within this environment, all parties involved in product design and manufacture can access the WPDM log-in page with the given URL after a successful identity authorisation. Consequently, these users can create, search and/or manipulate the desired engineering data through the enabled WPDM. The WPDM developed in this work has been experimentally tested in the lab.

No abstract

Urban agglomeration of Yangtze River Delta is the most developed one of three urban agglomerations in China, which consists of Shanghai, some cities located in the south of Jiangsu province and the north of Zhejiang province. Shanghai is an international economic, financial, trade and shipping center, which leads the progress of urban agglomeration of Yangtze River Delta. It is a lively region which has the fastest economy growth and the largest economy amount. The development of urban agglomeration of Yangtze River Delta has played a very important role in China's sustained and steady economic growth all the while. However, with the economic advancement in urban agglomeration of Yangtze River Delta, the augment of chemical emissions gases, such as non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), CFCS, CO, NO, NO 2 , caused the decrease of the amount of O 3 . According to the previous research, O 3 had a strongly relationship with ultraviolet radiation (UV), and the depletion of O3 would cause the increase of ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth surface. The ultraviolet radiation has a strong negative ecological effect in many aspects, such as people, animal, plant, biogeochemical cycles and the structure of the ecosystem. In the situation, it is very meaningful for us to study the spatial and temporal characteristics of O 3 and ultraviolet radiation in urban agglomeration of Yangtze River Delta based on remote sensing data; it can also be very important to analyze the relationship between the ultraviolet radiation and O 3 . Government departments can legislate or make planning to protect ozone layer in order to reduce the surface ultraviolet radiation reaching the surface to maintain residents' health and ecosystem according the results of the article.We used the total ultraviolet radiation product of SCIAMACHY (from Jan. to analyze the ultraviolet radiation and total ozone spatiotemporal characteristics reaching the earth surface, as well as the relationship between them in urban agglomeration of Yangtze River Delta. Urban agglomeration of Yangtze River Delta was divided into sixteen cities according the administration management and economy activities.The calculation results revealed that (1) the spatial feature of the annual and seasonal of ultraviolet radiation and the total ozone presented significant regional difference, but the distribution characteristics of them were not the same. The spatial character of ultraviolet radiation in urban agglomeration of Yangtze River Delta was that cities located in the lower latitude had the higher ultraviolet radiation, but had the lower total ozone. However, the cities located in the higher latitude had the lower ultraviolet radiation, but had the higher total ozone. (2) the average value of summer ultraviolet radiation of urban agglomeration of Yangtze River Delta was the highest one followed by spring, autumn, and the average value of winter ultraviolet radiation was the lowest; the total ozone of spring of urban agglomeration of Yangtze River Delta was the highest followed by ...

In standardization, the selection of the most influential institutions in drafting standards of specific areas is essential for improving the structure of industrial standard system. However, this problem becomes highly complex due to the large number of drafters and their influences are difficult to measure. This paper presents a research framework for assessing the importance of drafters in standardization based on a two-layer network model formed by the citation relationship between standards and the co-authorship relationship between drafters. Firstly, multiple structural indicators are integrated by the AHP to evaluate the importance of standards. Secondly, the importance of drafters are assessed by designing multidimensional indicators and verified through the case study of China's mobile communication industry. The results show that our indicators can reflect the industrial leadership gained by the participation of standards-drafting. Finally, managerial recommendations are proposed for drafting standards. INDEX TERMSNetwork theory, importance assessment, standard drafting, AHP. FANGYU CHEN received the Ph.D. degree from the Huazhong University of Science and Technology, in 2014. He is currently an Assistant Professor with the School of Business Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law. He has published some academic articles on international journals, including Computers and Industrial Engineering, Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, and International Journal of Production Research. His current interests include supply chain management, warehouse management, modeling and simulations. MEILING HUANG is currently pursuing the M.S. degree with the School of Business Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law.