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<p>Dismenore dibagi atas jenis primer (tanpa kondisi patologik pelvis) dan sekunder (dengan kondisi patologik pelvis). Diagnosis dismenore primer berdasarkan anamnesis dan pemeriksaan fisik yang teliti. Penanganan di fasilitas kesehatan primer adalah diagnosis dan tata laksana dismenore primer dan menyingkirkan kecurigaan dismenore sekunder. Obat anti-inflamasi non-steroid (OAINS) dan terapi hormonal merupakan terapi lini pertama untuk dismenore primer.</p><p>Dysmenorrhea is categorized into primary (without pelvic pathologic conditions) and secondary (with pelvic pathologic conditions) forms. Diagnosis of primary dysmenorrhea is based on a complete history and physical examination. Management in primary health facilities is to diagnose and manage primary dysmenorrhea and to rule out secondary dysmenorrhea. Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and hormonal therapy are first-line therapy for primary dysmenorrhea.</p><p> </p>

Dismenore dibagi atas jenis primer (tanpa kondisi patologik pelvis) dan sekunder (dengan kondisi patologik pelvis). Diagnosis dismenore primer berdasarkan anamnesis dan pemeriksaan fisik yang teliti. Penanganan di fasilitas kesehatan primer adalah diagnosis dan tata laksana dismenore primer dan menyingkirkan kecurigaan dismenore sekunder. Obat anti-inflamasi non-steroid (OAINS) dan terapi hormonal merupakan terapi lini pertama untuk dismenore primer. Dysmenorrhea is categorized into primary (without pelvic pathologic conditions) and secondary (with pelvic pathologic conditions) forms. Diagnosis of primary dysmenorrhea is based on a complete history and physical examination. Management in primary health facilities is to diagnose and manage primary dysmenorrhea and to rule out secondary dysmenorrhea. Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and hormonal therapy are first-line therapy for primary dysmenorrhea.

COVID-19 has led to a global emergency because of its infectivity to the general population, especially the vulnerable population, pregnant women. Changes in the immune system of pregnant women made them more vulnerable to developing adverse complications COVID-19. This study evaluates pregnant women with COVID-19 hospitalized in RS Universitas Mataram. We retrospectively collected the data from 89 pregnant patients who confirmed COVID-19 on RT-PCR between May and December 2020 in Universitas Mataram Hospital. The age range was 19-42 years, predominantly 26-30 years (33.7%). Most of the clinical manifestation was asymptomatic (77.04%), which projected an urgency to implement health protocol more disciplined manner. Most of them were in the 3rd trimester (85.39%). It may be related to the COVID-19 screening policy that required expecting mothers to be screened for COVID-19 before proceeding into any obstetric treatment and/or procedure. Several policies can be implemented to protect pregnant women who are a vulnerable group. Screening for COVID-19 can be carried out every trimester of pregnancy despite whether or not the symptom is present because pregnant women are more likely to be asymptomatic carriers. Therefore, early case findings can prevent massive transmission.

Serous Retinal Detachment is one of the preeclampsia complications which may be identified during the third trimester of pregnancy or postpartum period that may be related to pregnancy condition. We review case reports related to serous retinal detachment in preeclamptic patients from online databases such as MEDLINE/Pubmed and Science Direct from 2011 to 2021 in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Authors independently screened abstracts of articles retrieved articles that were considered potentially relevant, and extracted the articles obtained. From 17 articles, serous retinal detachment is higher in severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome (88%). Most patients were indicated to do caesarean section (71%) as their mode of delivery due to managing severe preeclampsia. Although most patients (94%) reported retinal detachment involving the macular area, complete resolution was observed in all the patients (94%). Early detection of serous retinal detachment may increase awareness of early detection of severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome.