Canal dressing for 1 week with 2% CHX may provide residual antimicrobial activity against E faecalis.

This in vitro study investigated the prevalence, location, and pathway of the second mesiobuccal canal (MB-2) in 45 first and second maxillary molars using the operating microscope (OM). Initially location and negotiation of MB-2 were attempted without magnification. Teeth in which MB-2 was not located or could not be negotiated were further explored under OM. Roots where MB-2 could not be negotiated even with OM were cross-sectioned and inspected microscopically. Morphometric measurements were performed to map the location of MB-2. Without magnification an apparent MB-2 orifice was located in 42 teeth and the canal negotiated in 31 (69%). With OM one additional apparent MB-2 orifice was located, and five previously identified canals were negotiated (total 80%). The root cross-sections confirmed the absence of MB-2 in all nine teeth where it was not negotiated. Location of MB-2 varied randomly. In conclusion MB-2 can be negotiated in 80% of maxillary molars, although an orifice is apparent in 96% of the teeth. Ability to negotiate MB-2 is facilitated by OM.

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Objectives:The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of audiovisual distraction technique with video eyewear and computerized delivery system-intrasulcular (CDS-IS) during the application of local anesthetic in phobic pediatric patients undergoing pulp therapy of primary molars.Materials and Methods:This randomized, crossover clinical study includes 60 children, aged between 4 and 7-year-old (31 boys and 29 girls). Children were randomly distributed equally into two groups as A and B. This study involved two treatment sessions of pulp therapy, 1-week apart. During treatment session I, group A had an audiovisual distraction with video eyewear, whereas group B had audiovisual distraction using projector display only without video eyewear. During treatment session II, group A had undergone pulp therapy without video eyewear distraction, whereas group B had the pulp treatment using video eyewear distraction. Each session involved the pulp therapy of equivalent teeth in the opposite sides of the mouth. At each visit scores on the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (MCDAS) (f) were used to evaluate the level of anxiety before treatment. After the procedure, children were instructed to rate their pain during treatment on the Wong Bakers’ faces pain scale. Changes in pulse oximeter and heart rate were recorded in every 10 min.Results:From preoperative treatment session I (with video eyewear) to preoperative treatment session II (without video eyewear) for the MCDAS (f), a significant (P > 0.03) change in the mean anxiety score was observed for group A. Self-reported mean pain score decreases dramatically after treatment sessions’ with video eyewear for both groups.Conclusion:The use of audiovisual distraction with video eyewear and the use of CDS-IS system for anesthetic delivery was demonstrated to be effective in improving children's cooperation, than routine psychological interventions and is, therefore, highly recommended as an effective behavior management technique for long invasive procedures of pulp therapy in young children.