BACKGROUND: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-related perforation is an infrequent complication. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The present study is an evaluation of experience with management and outcomes of ERCP-related perforations and a review of relevant literature.

Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a general term defining a heterogeneous group that includes biphasic lesions, with both malignant epithelial and mesenchymal tissue components. Although its clinical findings are similar to those present in invasive ductal carcinoma, it rarely presents with the findings of inflammatory breast cancer. It is generally seen in the fifth decade. MBC spreads via lymph and blood circulation. Most common distant metastasis areas include lungs and the bone. Although the treatment generally relies on the same principles applied in invasive ductal carcinoma, a more aggressive treatment should be employed in at-risk groups due to higher rates of local recurrence. In this study, we aimed to discuss clinicopathological features and treatment approach in 5 women with MBC.

We aimed to evaluate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the visualization of breast lesions and to estimate whether MRI can be a reliable alternative to mammography (MG) and ultrasonography (USG) for this purpose. Materials and methodsIn this retrospective, single-center study, an analysis of medical files of 260 patients with breast masses as breast imaging reports and data system (BI-RADS) 4 and 5 at MRI was performed. The features of the breast lump, such as the side, location, multi foci or multicentricity, histopathological diagnosis, contrastenhancement characteristics, radiological, and pathological axillary involvement, were noted. Consistency between MRI-BIRADS and MG+USG-BIRADS, as well as the association between lesion characteristics, was sought. ResultsThe agreement ratio between the BI-RADS categories of MRI and MG+USG was 0.654 while consistency between histopathological diagnosis and MRI BI-RADS category was 0.838. The agreement between the BI-RADS category of MG+USG and histopathological diagnosis was 0.819. The consistency between MRI BI-RADS and MG+USG BI-RADS increased remarkably with the advancement of age. Similarly, the consistency between MRI BI-RADS and histopathological diagnosis tends to increase with the advancement of age. Nonmass contrast enhancement yielded the highest agreement ratios between MRI BI-RADS and MG+USG BI-RADS, histopathological diagnosis and MRI BI-RADS, and histopathological diagnosis and MG+USG BI-RADS. ConclusionDynamic MRI is a useful and reliable method for imaging breast neoplasms. However, it is not devoid of disadvantages such as cost, attainability, and contrast use and it should be reserved as a problem-solving technique to be used in conjunction with conventional methods including MG and USG.

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