Prostate cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer in men next to skin cancer in the developed world. Risk of disease varies most prominently with age, ethnicity, family history, and diet. Genetic polymorphism of some genes has been implicated in increasing the risk. The XPD (Xeroderma pigmentosum group D) gene codes for a DNA helicase involved in transcription and nucleotide excision repair. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of XPD 751 Lys/Gln polymorphism on risk of prostate cancer on north Indian patients. Blood sample from 150 prostate cancer patients, 150 from Prostate Hyper Plasia and equal number of samples from healthy control groups was collected from North India. The polymerase chain reaction and restrictive fragment length polymorphism techniques were implemented. Statistically non-significant increase risk of prostate cancer was observed with patients having Gln/Gln genotype (OR 1.62, 95% CI).

Composites are composed of two or more physically distinct phases whose combination produces aggregate properties. Ethiopia is very rich in natural fibers such as palm trees, sisal, water hyacinth, and newly formed water lilies. However, so far little attention has been paid to the study of the mechanical properties of most fiber composites, such as water lily cut fiber composites. Also, like water hyacinths, water lilies adversely affect water surfaces by covering them and reducing water content, as in Lake Tana in Ethiopia. The analysis of the mechanical properties of this reinforced composite is of great importance in the study of structural properties and industrial production. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength, and hardness properties are important factors and play a key role in determining those properties. In this publication, fiber-reinforced polyester resin composites were prepared by cutting water lilies by varying the weight concentration of fibers (20 F/80 wt%, 40 F/60 wt%, 60 F/ 40P wt%). Physical properties were evaluated according to ASTM standards in both tensile and bend tests. Experimental test results are validated with results obtained by analytical methods. Analytical techniques such as the law of mixtures and the geometric mean method have been used to evaluate the properties of composite materials. Experimental results show that shredded water lily fiber-reinforced polyester composites are suitable for various applications. The results show that the newly formed composites have harder and more brittle properties.