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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to implement the strategies selection process in a proposed formulated mathematical framework to prioritize selected strategies with the interaction of other groups of strategies, known as the strategies interaction model (SIM). Design/methodology/approach SWOT analysis is a popular useful strategic planning tool, which analyzes organizations internal and external factors. The traditional SWOT procedure lists internal and external factors and derives four groups of strategies based on the organization’s strategic position. SWOT is easy to use as a business analyzing tool, while it is not competent enough for strategic formulation. With the emergence of the economy’s vicissitudes, undulations in the markets and multiple changes, and various variables in the industrial competitive environment, selection of the organization strategies confront uncertainty in decision making. The SIM framework presents a solution to select alternative strategies for organizations in unpredictable situations. Findings The findings show that SIM is a reliable approach to evaluate, select and rank organization’ strategies. SIM proposes alternative strategies due to the uncertainty of the organization’ environment with respect to the four strategic positions. The SIM’ proposed ranking process is in accordance with the highest impact of each strategy on each other. Furthermore, it possesses advantages of AHP, ANP and other applied multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques in SWOT analysis. Practical implications In this paper SIM is applied within a dairy company located in the north of Iran. Originality/value SIM has the advantages of the classic SWOT and fills the gaps of MCDM methods application in the SWOT analysis. Moreover, it provides a formulated algorithm for the organizations to face the uncertainty of the environment. SIM philosophy can be widely used in the decision and managerial implications.

In order to determine the reaction of three Bromus species to drought stress, two separate experiment were conducted in both germinator and greenhouse conditions using factorial experiment based of completely randomized design with three replications in 2010 in Tehran, Iran. The drought treatments were four levels of osmotic potential (0,-0.3,-0.6 and-0.9 MPa) in germinator and four levels of osmotic potential (FC, 25% FC, 50% FC and 75% FC) in greenhouse that were made by poly ethylene glycol (PEG 6000) solution and field capacity method, respectively. Data were collected and analyzed for germination percent, root length, shoot length, seedling length, root/shoot length ratio (RSR), seedling weight, seedling dry/fresh weight ratio (DFR) and seed vigor index. In greenhouse, chlorophyll, carbohydrates and proline contents were also measured. The results showed significant differences among species, droughts levels and species by drought interaction effects for the most of traits in both conditions. However, the relationship between germinator and greenhouse, quantified using correlation was high. It was concluded that evaluation under germinator conditions is desirable for selection purposes. In both conditions all of seedling traits except RSR, DFR were increased and proline and carbohydrate content were increased by increasing osmotic potential. The results showed that the Bromus tomentellus species had higher values for the most of seedling attributes than other species. Results of probit analysis of LD 50 and LD 90 showed the same trend.

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Determining the manner of land-use and the spatial structure of cities on the one hand, and the economic value of each piece of land on the other hand, land-use planning is always considered as the main part of urban planning. In this regard, emphasizing the efficient use of land, the sustainable development approach has presented a new perspective on urban planning and consequently on its most important pillar, i.e. land-use planning. In order to evaluate urban land-use, it has been attempted in this paper to select the most significant indicators affecting urban land-use and matching sustainable development indicators. Due to the significance of preserving ancient monuments and the surroundings as one of the main pillars of achieving sustainability, in this research, sustainability indicators have been selected emphasizing the preservation of ancient monuments and historical observance of the city of Susa as one of the historical cities of Iran. It has also been attempted to integrate these criteria with other land-use sustainability indicators. For this purpose, Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) and the AHP model have been used for providing maps displaying spatial density and combining layers as well as providing final maps respectively. Moreover, the rating of sustainability will be studied in different districts of the city of Shush so as to evaluate the status of land sustainability in different parts of the city. The results of the study show that different neighborhoods of Shush do not have the same sustainability in land-use such that neighborhoods located in the eastern half of the city, i.e. the new neighborhoods, have a higher sustainability than those of the western half. It seems that the allocation of a high percentage of these areas to arid lands and historical areas is one of the main reasons for their sustainability.</p>