This study aims at identifying the emotional, physical, psychological, and social states of individuals who had to stay home for a while due to the measures taken to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and to determine what kind of recreational activities they preferred during this period. We used a mixed research method and composed the study group of 479 consisting of 297 female and 182 male participants with a non-random, convenience sampling method. Data was collected through questionnaires of open-ended qualitative questions. Findings address that recreational activities during the long homestay in a pandemic have psychological, socio-cultural, and physical benefits. Social isolation during such circumstances is known to be limiting the physical mobility of individuals and it did so in this COVID-19 pandemic process. While the main activity source was of technology of the people attended this research, we also observed that they are aware of the variety and the benefits of recreational activities at the same time. The respondents stated that the coronavirus outbreak had negative effects in terms of economic, social, psychological, and physiological contexts, but with the outbreak; staying in social isolation had also positive effects on their family such as exploring new things together, happiness, and spending time effectively. One other remarkable aspect is that respondents reported that they would do recreational activities soon after the social isolation period ends. In the results of the research, it is suggested that it is necessary to resort to recreational activities in order to both reduce the spreading effect of the virus in isolation at home and to overcome this process with the least negative impact, and individual and institutional efforts should be made for this.

AbstractThis study aims to examine the motivational factors that direct individuals to computer games in the process of evaluating leisure activities. The study is designed in descriptive and relational survey models, which are among the quantitative research patterns. A total of 1677 individuals participated in the study. A personal information form and the Computer Gaming Motivation Scale were used. An independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation test were used to analyze the data. According to the results, there were significant differences in the concentration, entertainment, escape, learning, and socialization sub-dimensions of the participants in favor of the groups playing in Internet cafes. The findings indicate that when more time is spent with information and communication technologies, there is a decrease in concentration and an increase in entertainment and escape. Furthermore, when the relationship between the sub-dimensions of the scale was examined, positively moderate and high correlations were found among concentration, entertainment, escape, learning, and socialization. As a result, rapid technological changes and developments provide many opportunities for individuals. It is thought that individuals’ busy work lives and monotonous daily routines cause them to prefer easily accessible activities during their leisure time.

The purpose of this research was to analyze the physical education and sport teachers' perceptions about organizational democracy. The research group consisted of 191 physical education and sport teachers. The research data were collected by "The Organizational Democracy Scale". In the analysis of data, descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney-U and Kruskall Wallis-H tests were used. According to the relevant findings, the physical education and sport teachers' organizational democracy perceptions were positive in the sub-dimensions of participation-criticism, transparency, justice, equality and accountability but not high, the teachers' organizational democracy perceptions did not significantly vary in gender, assigned school type, marital status and education background variables, in some sub-dimensions they significantly differed in assigned geographical region and seniority variables.

The purpose of this study is to reveal how the academicians working in the field of recreation conceptualize their ideas about “recreation” through metaphors. Phenomenology being among the qualitative research methods was used in this study. The research population is composed of the academicians working in the field of recreation in different universities of Turkey. Qualitative data collection method via metaphors was used. When metaphors are used to "describe", a situation, event and phenomenon are described as they exist (Yıldırım and Şimşek, 2013). Data from the study were collected by using a semi-structured metaphor form via survey online. The raw data obtained from the study were examined, incomplete or inexpedient ones were excluded and metaphors were modeled by transferring them to the Nvivo 10 program.As a result of the data obtained, the academicians working in the field of recreation use such concepts as escape, star, giant, happiness, music box, spring air, freedom, traveler, broken chain ring, octopus, life, Aladdin and the magic lamp, sun, a colorful cake with mixed fruit, work potential, a multi-purpose field or saloon, funfair, umbrella, flying carpet, human, Aegean sea, sea, rainbow, water, living, forest, fishing tackle, bridge, time, wind, chameleon, seasons, breath, science, nature and spice while describing the concept of recreation metaphorically. The data obtained after the interviews were then coded under the appropriate themes after being analyzed with the content analysis method. According to the data obtained, it has been found that it has been gathered under 5 (five) themes as "As a Value for Individual and Society", "Serving Needs", "Social Reputation", "Recreate" and "Self- realization". In conclusion, it is observed that the metaphors obtained comply with the recreation theories regarding the metaphorical perceptions of the academicians working in the field of recreation about the “recreation” concept. In order to better understand the concept of recreation, it is recommended to take evaluation results in practical activities.

The aim of this study is to examine the value levels of secondary school students towards physical education and sports lesson according to various variables. The study group of this research, which is descriptive in the screening model constitutes 373 students who study in the Secondary school located in the Batman province center during the academic year of 2017-2018 spring term. The data of the study were collected with "Physical Education and Sport Classroom Value Scale".It was observed that secondary school students showed the highest value level of "