sin resumen

Las infecciones parasitarias representan un problema emergente en ungulados silvestres, sin embargo, existen pocos estudios sobre las infecciones parasitarias en estos animales. Se realizo un estudio para conocer los géneros de parásitos gastrointestinales que infectan a ungulados silvestres de febrero a  septiembre de 2021 en una Unidad de Manejo para la Conservación de la Vida Silvestre ubicada en la laguna de Tamiahua en la zona Norte de Veracruz, México. Se obtuvieron muestras fecales de nueve especies de ungulados de vida libre. Las muestras de excremento se analizaron mediante las pruebas de Flotación Centrifugada para conocer los géneros de parásitos que afectan a los ungulados. En el presente estudio se identificaron los géneros Giardia, Strongyloides y Eimeria. Se encontró que el 32% de ungulados silvestres estaban infectados con una o varios géneros de parásitos. Se concluye que los ungulados silvestres evaluados estaban parasitados con nematodos gastrointestinales y/o protozoos del orden Eucoccidiaria y del orden Diplomonadida.

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Louse-fly (<em>Lipoptena</em> spp.) and ticks are blood-sucking ectoparasites of domestic and wild animals and accidentally of humans. Globally, there is little information on the medical importance of these ectoparasites, but there are studies that suggest that these ectoparasites might be involved in the transmission of pathogens. In Mexico, both ectoparasites have been reported parasitizing white-tailed deer (WTD, <em>Odocoileus virginianus</em>). <strong>Objective:</strong> To estimate the prevalence and intensity of <em>Lipoptena </em>spp. and ticks in WTD and its possible implication of louse-flies as a vector of <em>Anaplasma</em> spp. in Southeastern Mexico. <strong>Methodology:</strong> 25 WTD were inspected for their louse-flies and ticks. Pools of louse-flies were tested by a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify the presence of a fragment of the 16S-rDNA gene of <em>Anaplasma</em> spp. <strong>Results:</strong> All louse-fly (96 specimens) were identified as <em>Lipoptena mazamae</em> and 348 ticks of the genera <em>Amblyomma, Ixodes, Rhipicephalus</em> and <em>Haemaphysalis </em>were also identified. The prevalence of WTD with <em>L. mazamae</em> was 56% with an intensity of 6.9 flies/WTD, meanwhile the prevalence of ticks was 92% with an intensity of 15.5 ticks/WTD. <em>Anaplasma</em> spp. was not detected in any of the pools of flies evaluated. <strong>Implications:</strong> WTD are parasitized by ectoparasites that affect their health and can be transmitters of pathogens to wild animals, domestic animals, and humans, therefore their identification is important for the design of prevention programs. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> WTD showed high prevelances of <em>L. mazamae </em>and different species of ticks, being the latter with high prevalence and intensity. Molecular tests showed that louse-flies evaluated in this study were not found to be infected with <em>Anaplasma</em> spp.</p>

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<p><strong>Background</strong>. Macrocyclic lactones (ML) are effective in controlling endo- and ectoparasites in livestock. ML, specially ivermectin and moxidectin, have a typical pharmacokinetic profile of lipophilic molecules with slow degradation and when administered to livestock are excreted in the faeces almost unaltered. ML released into the environment, can cause lethal and sublethal effects on dung beetles (DB). <strong>Objective. </strong>To document the main scientific contributions of our research group to the awareness of the adverse effect of ML on DB associated with livestock environments under grazing systems. <strong>Methodology. </strong>The compilation of scientific articles from the studies carried out by a research group in the first 50 years of the FMVZ-UADY was carried out. <strong>Results. </strong>The studies have shown that ML (IVM-1%, IVM-3.15%, MOX-10%) in dung from cattle treated with injectable formulations had a sublethal effect on DB. For the species <em>Canthon indigaceus chevrolati </em>dung from cattle treated with injectable formulations of IVM (1% and 3.15%) and MOX (1% and 10%) do not produce lethal and sublethal effects. Faecal ivermectin residues may induce changes in attraction of some neotropical DB species to dung pats. <strong>Implications.</strong> Current ML application methods may have negative effects on the environmental services provided by dung beetles, and therefore need to be modified to minimize any impacts they might have on these vital members of tropical livestock systems. <strong>Conclusions.</strong> The review shows the adverse effects of ML on DB in the Mexican tropics; however, for the <em>C. i. chevrolati</em>, dung from cattle treated with IVM and MOX, do not produce lethal and sublethal effects, which suggests some type of tolerance</p>